History of Kinsalebeg
Landlords and Land Ownership

Introduction

Land ownership was typically on a much larger scale in centuries past than what we are accustomed to in modern times. When we talk about Munster landowners over the centuries such as the FitzGeralds of Desmond, Walter Raleigh, Boyles, Butlers of Ormonde, Bernards of Bandon, Villiers-Stuarts of Dromana and Powers (or Poers) of Waterford we are talking about ownership of vast tracts of land incorporating thousands or indeed tens of thousands of acres. The boundaries of these estates were not always clear in general historic documents particularly when we are talking about areas which were on the borders of county boundaries, rivers or other estates. It was rare to talk about areas as small as townlands or indeed parishes in as much as they existed in older times even though the term ploughland or carucate representing an area of around 120 acres is used historically in some land transactions. Trying to tie down exact ownership of townlands such as Monatray or parishes such as Kinsalebeg over the years is therefore quite difficult as it was not always clear what land was included in the estate of a particular landowner.

We have tried to establish as best as possible the landlords and the movement in ownership of land within Kinsalebeg over the centuries and of course to do this we have to be aware of the boundaries of Kinsalebeg itself at any given time. Even in relatively recent times townlands like Garranaspic appeared in the  parish of Ardmore, Pillpark appeared under Clashmore,  Ballyheeny either came under Kinsalebeg or Clashmore or as a parish of its own and so on. The following overview of land ownership in Kinsalebeg over the centuries is very much focused on the primary landowners in Kinsalebeg at any given time. The primary landowners typically sub-leased the land to tenants who worked the land and these tenants in turn often sub-leased part of their land to sub-tenants. There are some periods where there is a lack of detailed information or where land ownership was under dispute after one of the many invasions, rebellions or local feuds. Therefore this overview is by no means complete but we have to start somewhere and hopefully in time the data can be updated or corrected. We will also give some background information on the individual landlords who controlled the land of Kinsalebeg down through the centuries.

Early Period (5^th to 12^th Century)

The Déise (5th Century):   

                The county of Waterford is colloquially known as “The Déise” (pronounced day-shah) or “An Déise” in Irish. The Déisi were  a native Gaelic tribe who were reputed to have been driven from county Meath at some period around the 4^th century. They moved southward and eventually settled in Waterford where they became the dominant influence up until the arrival of the Cambro-Normans in the 12^th century. The territory of the Déise covered practically all of present day Waterford and parts of South Tipperary. Kinsalebeg was the most westerly part of the Déise territory in Waterford at that time and is still part of the Déise fifteen hundred years later. The reference to Waterford as the Déise (or Decies or Deacyes) has carried on down through the centuries and appears on early maps in the 17^th century. Two of the adjacent baronies of West Waterford are called Decies within Drum and Decies without Drum after the Déise tribe. Decies within Drum is the barony that occupies the south western part of Waterford incorporating Kinsalebeg, Clashmore, Ardmore, Ballyheeny, Grange etc. Decies without Drum is the next adjacent barony to the east as far as Stradbally. The reference to “Drum” is not an indication that one of the baronies was more musically inclined than the other even though we could play music with the best of them around Kinsalebeg and Clashmore. The name Drum is in fact a reference to the Drum Hills which separates the two baronies.

            The Déisi were a powerful tribe and their power was built around the twin platforms of religion and politics. This was backed up with a ferocious fighting spirit in case anyone disagreed with their views or infringed on their territory. The Déisi had their own kings and the Annals of Innisfallen records the death of Art Corb Ua Faeláin, Rí na Néssi (King of the Déisi) in 1203. The Ua Faeláin or Ó Faoláin, to use the modern equivalent, were kings of the Déise in this period. The Déisi were originally a pagan tribe but were converted to Christianity by St Declan of Ardmore in the 5^th century. St Declan, himself of the Déisi tribe, of course preceded St Patrick in bringing Christianity to this part of Ireland and he became in effect the patron saint of the Déisi of Waterford. The life of St Declan and Ardmore is well documented so we will not cover it here. Ardmore had received the status of a diocese in the latter end of the 12^th century so the Déisi were very much a self-contained political and ecclesiastical unit in this period. This was all to change after the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland which we will return to later.

            We believe that the arrival of Christianity to the Déise in the 5^th century came as something of a surprise to the inhabitants of Kinsalebeg. It is not that we had anything against religion but we were into our own ways and had got used to the multiple wives; the frequent pillaging; the occasional murder and the periodic trips across to Youghal to put the frighteners on the town inhabitants. It was therefore somewhat of a shock when the missionaries from Ardmore started their Christian visits to Kinsalebeg in the 5^th century. We had been used to the occasional visitor from Ardmore but these visits were normally in pursuit of a better class of turnip or in vain attempts to lure away some of our top footballers. These pilgrims were initially treated with hostility when they arrived at our mud cabins but we eventually saw some attractions in aspects of Christianity. Foremost amongst these was the entirely new concept of a single wife as it had become outrageously expensive to maintain multiple wives in Kinsalebeg at this time, not to mention trying to keep a couple of chariots taxed and insured on the road at the same time. You will have to periodically remind me to keep focused on the topic in hand as you will notice I tend to drift off track at times with an over vivid imagination.

Vikings (9^th Century):

           

The Vikings arrived in Youghal in the 9^th century and encountering little opposition they set up a base fort there. They used this base as a launching pad for raids on the various monastic sites on the Blackwater River such as Lismore and Dromana. They attacked and robbed the largely defenseless monasteries which contained valuable religious treasures including gold and silver. There activities eventually came to the notice of the Déisi tribe in West Waterford who took a dim view of the proceedings and decided to attack the Vikings fleet and their base at Youghal in 864.  It was recorded in historical records that: “in 864 the powerful Deise tribe from the West Waterford area attacked and destroyed the Norse fort at Youghal”. The Annals of the Four Masters recorded that “a victory was gained over the fleet of Eochall by the Deissi and the fortress was also destroyed”. It is possible that this attack was mounted from the Ferrypoint area, which was in close proximity to Youghal and which gave the advantage of a surprise attack. The Vikings did of course have a strong influence on the development of many towns and cities including Waterford city. In time the Vikings and the Déisi apparently established a good relationship and sometimes combined their forces for mutual benefit. We have no real information on the impact, if any, of the Vikings in the Kinsalebeg area.

Norman Invasion (1169):

The next event to have a major impact on land ownership in Ireland was the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland in the period 1169 to 1171. This event had a major effect on land ownership in Munster, including by consequence the parish of Kinsalebeg, as Norman families took over most of Munster after this period. The Normans were invited into Ireland initially by Diarmuid MacMurrough, who was King of Leinster, in order to assist him in the defence of his territories. Four of the leaders of the Norman invasion were Robert FitzStephen, Richard “Strongbow” de Clare, Raymond FitzGerald le Gros and Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor and it is important to elaborate a little on their history as they and their descendants were to have a major influence on Irish history in succeeding centuries.

FitzGeralds and FitzStephen (1177 => 1286)

Major Kinsalebeg Landowners (1169 =>):

The following is a first attempt at compiling a list of the major landlords or landowners in Kinsalebeg in the 800 year period from the 12^th to the 20^th century. This was a turbulent period in Irish history with a succession of invasions, rebellions, religious wars, land confiscations and succession disputes. This makes it difficult to keep track of major land ownership changes at any particular time but we have to start somewhere so this list of landlords is based on information available at the time of writing. We will also include a summary of each of the landlords together with some details of the circumstances under which they came into possession of the land. The dates in brackets which follow particular landowners are generally a reference to the period when that landlord had an involvement in the Kinsalebeg area.

Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor (1169 =>):

Maurice FitzGerald was not himself a landowner in Kinsalebeg but we include his background details here as he was an ancestor of various FitzGerald dynasties such as those of Desmond, Offaly and Kildare. Some of these FitzGerald families were major land owners particularly in the Munster area in the following centuries. Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor was a son of Gerald de Windsor, Constable of Pembroke Castle in Wales, and Nest ferch Rhys who was a daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr and Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon. Gerald de Windsor’s ancestors were Walter FitzOther of Windsor (father), Dominus Other (grandfather) and Gherardo Gheradini (great grandfather). Nest ferch Rhys had the title Princess of Deheubarth in Wales and was also known as “Helen of Wales” on account of her renowned beauty. Nest was apparently once kidnapped by her cousin Owain ap Cadwgan who was so infatuated with her that, together with fifteen accomplices, he attacked the castle in which Gerald & Nest were living and carried off Nest and her children. It was a couple of years before Nest returned to her husband Gerard and in the interim she had borne two sons, Llewelyn and Einion, to her kidnapper Owain. Gerald de Windsor and Nest ferch Rhys had five children:

(1) Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor who was part of the initial Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 and who was the progenitor of the FitzGeralds of Desmond (Desmond dynasty) and the FitzGeralds of Offaly and later Kildare (Kildare dynasty).

(2) William FitzGerald de Windsor who took the name William de Carew and whose descendants were also involved in Ireland including Thomas de Carew who in 1331 laid claim to the lands of Robert FitzStephen in Ireland.

(3) David FitzGerald de Windsor who became Bishop of St Davids.

(4) Angarad FitzGerald de Windsor

(5) Gwladys FitzGerald de Windsor.

When Gerald de Windsor died his widow Nest became lover of Stephen who was Constable of Cardigan. She had one son out of wedlock with Stephen who was known as Robert FitzStephen.  Robert FitzStephen went on to become another leader in the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. Nest ferch Rhys is understood to have had another son with King Henry I who was born around 1103 and was named Henry FitzRoy. It was not Henry’s first time playing away from home as he had children by at least seven women outside the children from his own two marriages.

Robert FitzStephen (1177 =>): 

Robert FitzStephen was another leading member of the initial Cambro Norman invading force which arrived in Ireland in various stages between 1169 and 1171 in what became known as the Norman Invasion. Amongst the Norman invaders with Robert FitzStephen was his half-brother Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor, Raymond FitzGerald le Gros and Richard “Strongbow” de Clare. Robert FitzStephen and Milo de Cogan received large tracts of land in the Munster area from King Henry II in 1177 as a reward for their efforts in the invasion of Ireland. This included most of the area of Cork and West Waterford and the River Blackwater was the generally recognized eastern boundary of the granted land. The key port of Youghal and land in its vicinity would have been included in this grant. Kinsalebeg was on the eastern side of the River Blackwater but in general was usually linked with the ownership of Youghal.  We will come later to the Manor of Inchiquin which very specifically included the port of Youghal and land in its vicinity including Kinsalebeg. This FitzStephen land was to become the basis of the land ownership of the FitzGerald led Desmond dynasty in Munster. It was not however to be a smooth journey due in part to the fact that Robert FitzStephen was born out of wedlock as outlined above and that he died without heirs.  Both of these factors combined essentially meant that Robert FitzStephen’s estate in Ireland would technically have to pass back to the crown when he died.  Robert FitzStephen was obviously aware of this and in his lifetime made a grant of his Irish estates to his half-brother Maurice FitzGerald and his descendants. Robert FitzStephen died in 1182 but his half-brother Maurice FitzGerald had predeceased him in 1177 so the Robert FitzStephen estate passed to Maurice’s son, Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald.  Over 150 years later in 1331 there was an additional twist to this tale when Thomas de Carew also laid claim to the inheritance of Robert FitzStephen in an inquisition. Thomas de Carew was a direct descendant of William FitzGerald de Windsor.  William FitzGerald was a brother of Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor and so was also a half-brother of Robert FitzStephen – William FitzGerald and his descendants had taken the name de Carew. We will cover this inquisition later in this history.

Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baron of Offaly (1190-1257):

Maurice FitzGerald was son of Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald, who died in 1205, but was a minor at the time of his father’s death. He did not inherit his father’s title and estate until 1216 when Henry III ordained by mandatory letter that he should now receive his inheritance. He married Juliane de Cogan, daughter of the Anglo-Irish knight John de Cogan. The history titled Earls of Kildare and Their Ancestors from 1057 to 1773¹ published in 1858 indicates that Maurice FitzGerald was:

“in 1216 put in possession of Maynooth and all the other lands of his father , by a mandatory letter of Henry III”. It also has an entry stating “In 1216 (17 John) he received from the King [King John] a grant of the Castle of Croom and of Dungarvan in Oglassin. After his death Dungarvan was resumed by the Crown, and granted in 1260 to John FitzThomas, ancestor to the Earls of Desmond.”

The reference to Oglassin in the above entry is interesting as Oglassin or Oglassyn or O’Glassin was an early historical name for what later became Inchiquin. It was basically the territory controlled in early times by the O’Glassin tribe (latterly Gleeson) and covered an area of land in the hinterland of Youghal on both sides of the river and indeed in this particular reference seems to also include Dungarvan for a period.  Kinsalebeg to the east of Youghal was probably part of the manor of Oglassin at this time (and later Inchiquin). The Pipe Role of Cloyne by Dr Richard Caulfield which was published in 1918 has the following entry:

“271 Maurice FitzGerald, baron of Offaly, was lord of the manor of Oglassyn alias Inchiquin (n. 36) which he had inherited from his father Gerald FitzMaurice, in addition to other lands in Limerick, Kildare and elsewhere. He was the ancestor of the later FitzGeralds earls of Kildare.”

Maurice FitzGerald is understood to have introduced the Order of Franciscans to Youghal in 1215 and also apparently brought the Dominican Order into Sligo in 1216. He was appointed Justiciar or Lord Justice of Ireland for two periods from 1229 and 1245 respectively. He built the Franciscan Friary in Youghal in 1232 and there is an interesting story as to the circumstances which prompted Maurice FitzGerald to build the abbey. The history of the Earls of Kildare and their ancestors from 1057 to 1773¹ by the Marquis of Kildare outlines the story as follows:

 “In 1232, he built the Franciscan Abbey of Youghal. Of its origin there is the following tradition:- On the eve of some festival, the workmen, who were digging the foundation of a castle which the Baron was about to build, asked him [his son] for money to drink his health. He desired his son to give it to them: but instead of doing so he reproved them. The Baron was so grieved when he heard of it, that, on the spot where the castle was to be built, he erected the monastery. It was afterwards called the “South Abbey,” but there are now no traces of it remaining.” 

There is now no trace of the Franciscan Friary in Youghal but it is understood to have been located in South Abbey in the location occupied in later years by the Presentation Convent. There have been some queries over the centuries regarding the claims that Maurice FitzGerald introduced the Franciscans & Dominicans to Ireland and built monasteries on the above dates. Donagh Mooney and Francis Matthews in their separate 17^th century histories query some of the events and dates but their own histories and theories do not agree on many details and indeed throw up additional questions. Maurice FitzGerald built the Castle of Armagh in 1236 and the Castle of Sligo in 1242. In 1235 he brought a large army to Connaught and conquered it. He incurred the wrath of the King in 1245 when, together with Felim O’Connor of Connaught, he did not respond to the King’s request to give him assistance in his invasion of Wales. He invaded Tir Chonaill in 1246 and defeated the local chieftain O’Donnell. In 1248 he invaded Tyrone and forced the chieftain O’Neill to give him hostages. He was ultimately defeated in 1257 by the then Chief of Tir Chonaill Godfrey O’Donnell at Creadran Cille in Carbury in the north of Sligo.  On one side was Maurice FitzGerald and other English noblemen faced by the Irish forces of Tir Chonaill. It was a bloody battle with big casualties on both sides before the English & Geraldines were eventually driven out of lower Connaught. Both Maurice FitzGerald and Godfrey O’Donnell were injured in a face to face single combat encounter. After this ferocious battle in 1257 Maurice FitzGerald apparently joined the Franciscan community in the monastery he had founded in Youghal but he died in the monastery in the same year.

Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 3^rd Baron of Offaly (1238-1286):

 Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald was born in Wexford in 1238 and was a soldier and Norman-Irish peer. He was son of Maurice FitzGerald, 2^nd Baron of Offaly who died in 1257. Maurice was known generally by his nickname Maurice Mael or “Maurice the Bald”. Maurice married twice, firstly to Maud de Prendergast, a daughter of Sir Gerald de Prendergast of Beauvoir, and secondly to Emmeline de Longespee, daughter of Sir Stephen Longespee and Emmeline de Riddlesford. There are conflicting historical records regarding who was the mother of the children of Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 3^rd Baron of Offaly. It is of interest here because one of his daughters Juliana FitzGerald was to marry Thomas de Clare who was the next landlord of the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating Youghal, Kinsalebeg and territory to the west of Youghal. According to most records Juliana FitzGerald was a daughter of the first marriage of Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald to Maud Prendergast. However other records indicate that Juliana FitzGerald was in fact a daughter of the second marriage of Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald to Emmeline de Longespee.  It is now generally accepted that there were in fact no children from the second marriage but we are noting it here as it will appear as fact in some records. Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald was appointed to the important position of Chief Justiciar of Ireland in June 1272, a position which his father held also on two occasions.  Justiciar was a position equivalent to prime minister at that time and the office holder reported directly to the king. Sir Geoffrey de Geneville succeeded Maurice FitzGerald as Justiciar in September 1273. Maurice FitzGerald led an army from Connaught against the Irish clans of Wicklow in 1276 and as part of this military operation he joined up with a large Norman army force jointly commanded by his son-in-law Thomas de Clare and Sir Geoffrey de Geneville. They were heavily defeated at Glenmalure, Co Wicklow and suffered heavy losses in the process. Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald died around 1286 and as he had no male heirs he was succeeded by his nephew John FitzGerald who became the 1^st Earl of Kildare in 1316. As indicated above the Manor of Inchiquin had passed from the FitzGeralds or Geraldines to the de Clare family at this stage so we will continue the Kinsalebeg land ownership history with the de Clare family and their descendants.

De Clare Family

Thomas De Clare Lord Thomond (c 1245 => 1287):

Thomas de Clare was of Norman descent who became Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal and later Lord of Thomond. He was son of Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester (circa 1222 to 1262) and his wife Maud de Lacy. The first member of the De Clare family to come to Ireland was Richard de Clare, 2^nd Earl of Pembroke, who was more commonly known as Strongbow. He was part of the Norman invasion force which arrived in Ireland in 1169 on the invitation of Diarmuid MacMurrough, King of Leinster. Thomas de Clare was not a direct descendant of Strongbow but they would both have been descendants of Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare who died around 1114. In February 1275 Thomas de Clare married Juliana FitzGerald (died c 1331) who was the daughter of Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald 3^rd Baron of Offaly and most likely Maud de Prendergast. As noted elsewhere there are some records that indicate that Juliana FitzGerald was in fact a daughter of Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald’s second marriage to Emmeline de Longspee and that it was via the de Longspee line that the Manor of Inchiquin came into possession of the FitzGeralds. However the general consensus is that Juliana FitzGeralds’s mother was Maud de Prendergast and that the maritagium or marriage dowry from her parents on her marriage to Thomas De Clare included the Manor of Inchiquin and Youghal. It would have been interesting to be a fly on the wall when Thomas de Clare was going through the wedding presents with his wife Juliana the morning after the wedding – ten gallons of mead, an Eastern perfume set, six milking Kerry Blue cows, a Viking drinking horn set, a piggery in Rhincrew, a set of Pilltown pottery, a ton of flour …. and Youghal !  (all presents are assumptions except Youghal!).

            It is important to note that the Barony of Inchiquin and the Manor of Inchiquin were separate entities with the Barony of Inchiquin located primarily in Co. Clare. The Manor of Inchiquin on the other hand was based around Youghal in East Cork and also included Kinsalebeg in West Waterford. Thomas de Clare and his wife Juliana made their principal residence at Bunratty Castle which they constructed in stone to replace the earlier wooden structure. It would appear that the Manor of Inchiquin came into Thomas de Clare’s possession therefore through his marriage to Juliana FitzGerald and was presumably in the possession of the FitzGeralds up to that time. Thomas de Clare was a soldier and a close associate of King Edward I with whom he went on a Crusade to the Middle East in 1268. Thomas de Clare held a number of important positions such as the Governor of the City of London (1273) and was made Commander of the English forces in Munster. In 1276 he was granted the entire lordship of Thomond by King Edward I and was also made Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal. The granting of Thomond was a poisoned chalice for De Clare and he spent most of his time in Ireland involved in wars against the Irish clans. He spent a decade trying to conquer the O’Brien dynasty, kings and owners of Thomond before it was granted to De Clare by King Edward. He also formed a Norman army with Sir Geoffrey Geneville to fight the Irish clans in Wicklow and they were joined by his father-in-law Maurice FitzGerald, 3^rd Baron of Offaly. They were however severely defeated at Glenmalure and suffered heavy losses.

Thomas de Clare was apparently killed in battle on 29^th August 1287 and left four children:

(1) Gilbert de Clare was the eldest son and heir and succeeded his father as Lord of Thomond (circa 1281 to 1308);

(2) Maud de Clare (circa 1276 to 1327) who married firstly Robert de Clifford 1^st Baron de Clifford and secondly Robert de Welle;

(3) Richard de Clare 1^st Lord Clare and Lord of Thomond (circa 1281 to 1318) after the death of his brother;

(4) Margaret (circa 1287 to 1334) married firstly Gilbert de Umfraville and subsequently Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1^st Baron Badlesmere.  Margaret de Clare was the youngest child and was six months old when her father Thomas de Clare died. Juliana de Clare nee FitzGerald subsequently married Adam de Cretinges or Creeting who was Sheriff of Cork in 1293 and a marshal of the army in Gascony in 1294. She thirdly married Nicholas Avenel (Knight). Juliana de Clare nee FitzGerald died around 1300.

Gilbert de Clare Lord of Thomond (1281 => 1308):

            Gilbert de Clare succeeded his father, Thomas de Clare, as Lord Thomond and inherited his father’s estates including the Manor of Inchiquin. He died in 1308 and was succeeded by his brother Richard de Clare.

Richard de Clare Lord of Thomond, 1^st Lord Clare (1308 => 1318):

 Richard de Clare succeeded his brother Gilbert de Clare as Lord Thomond and inherited his brother’s estates including the Manor of Inchiquin. Richard De Clare was an Anglo-Norman descendant of Strongbow and, like his father, had spent most of his adult life trying to put down one Irish rebellion after another. The De Clares were in continuous conflict with the O’Briens who were Kings of Thomond before the arrival of the De Clares. The O’Briens and other Irish clans took violent exception to the arrival of the De Clares and made life very uncomfortable for them around Bunratty Castle. Richard De Clare was killed by an axe at the Battle of Dysert O’Dea in 1318 when he attacked an Irish force which included the O’Briens, O’Deas, O’Connors, O’Hehirs, McNamaras and others. Dysert O’Dea was a Gaelic stronghold near the present location of Ennis Co Clare.

Richard De Clare would naturally have been succeeded by his son Thomas de Clare Jun. Thomas de Clare was however a minor at the time of his father’s death and became a ward of the king until he reached maturity. In the interim period the temporary administration or the wardship of the De Clare estates was granted by the king to Maurice de Rocheford and also apparently Maurice FitzGerald the future Earl of Desmond. Both of these would have been neighbours and allies of Richard de Clare and his father Thomas.  Thomas de Clare (Junior) unfortunately died a minor on 28^th February 1321 so never technically took over the family estates.  There followed a number of decades where confusion, disputes, occupations  and writs were the order of the day regarding the De Clare estates and the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating the borough of Kinsalebeg. The two sons of Thomas De Clare (Senior), namely Gilbert and Richard de Clare, were now deceased and the Manor of Inchiquin was inherited by their sister Margaret de Clare.

Margaret de Clare (c 1287 => 1333):

 Margaret de Clare inherited the Manor of Inchiquin but it came with a number of hereditary problems which caused difficulties for her descendants in the period up to 1351. These were mostly connected with the interim wardship arrangements which were made when Richard de Clare was killed and his son Thomas of minority age inherited his estates.  These arrangements involved the De Clare estates and the temporary wardships of the estates with the FitzGeralds Earls of Thomond and Maurice de Rocheford. Margaret de Clare was by all accounts a feisty and belligerent character. She firstly married Gilbert de Umfraville and secondly married Bartholomew de Badlesmere who was the son and heir of Gunselm De Badlesmere, an English noble man who died in 1301. The Manor of Inchiquin passed into the De Badlesmere family with the marriage of Margaret de Clare to Bartholomew de Badlesmere.

De Badlesmere Family

Bartholomew De Badlesmere (1275 => 1322):

 Bartholomew de Badlesmere was appointed Governor of Bristol Castle in 1307 and was also appointed steward of the royal household of King Edward II. He was granted the barony of Chilham in Kent by the king and the couple held the title of Baron and Baroness De Badlesmere. They also received a grant or lease of Leeds Castle and took up residence there for a period. De Badlesmere grew very influential in the royal council and in 1318 he brokered an important peace treaty between The Earl of Lancaster and King Edward II who had been in ongoing dispute for a number of years. However the relationship between Bartholomew De Badlesmere and King Edward II deteriorated primarily because De Badlesmere was unhappy with the activities of the king. De Badlesmere joined up with the Earl of Lancaster and other dissenting enemies of Edward II much to the displeasure of the king. To compound the situation his wife, Baroness De Badlesmere, decided to enter the dispute and refused to admit King Edward’s wife Queen Isabella to Leeds Castle. Queen Isabella had been on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas at Canterbury and had decided to pay a courtesy call to the De Badlesmeres in Leeds Castle. Leeds Castle was really Crown property and in fact was part of Isabella’s dowry to be retained by her when/if she was widowed. There was a “bit of history” between Queen Isabella and the Baroness Badlesmere. This had its origins in Queen Isabella’s refusal of a request from the Baroness to put in a good word for a friend of hers who was hoping to get a position in the Exchequer. Baroness Badlesmere not only refused Queen Isabella entry to the castle but she also ordered her archers to fire on the royal party and in the ensuing chaos six of the royal escorts were killed. Queen Isabella and her entourage were forced to make a hasty retreat from Leeds Castle in order to find alternative accommodation for the night.

Image: Queen Isabella of France: Source: Wikipedia Creative Commons license

It has been suggested that this whole episode was part of a plan by the king to provoke a war as he was aware that Baron de Badlesmere was in Oxford and he knew that the belligerent nature of Baroness Badlesmere was always likely to provoke a response. In any case King Edward II was highly insulted at the discourtesy shown to his wife and promptly raised a major force to attack the castle. Baroness Badlesmere and her garrison put up a strong resistance for five days but eventually surrendered, after the Baroness had apparently received an offer of clemency from the king.  Nevertheless the king imprisoned Baroness Badlesmere and their five children in the Tower of London in November 1321. She was the first woman prisoner ever to be thrown into the Tower of London. As a result of these developments civil war broke out in England between the Earl of Lancaster and King Edward II and of course De Badlesmere was on the side of the earl. The Earl of Lancaster and his supporters were beaten by King Edward at the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322 and Bartholomew de Badlesmere was captured and promptly hanged, drawn and quartered with his head put on display at the gates of Canterbury. Bartholomew de Badlesmere was therefore never to visit the Manor of Inchiquin again and in truth we fairly sure that he had never put in an appearance in either Kinsalebeg or Youghal during his relatively short life.

Margaret de Badlesmere (1287-1333):

            Margaret de Badlesmere aka Baroness Badlesmere, widow of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, was released from the Tower of London on 3^rd November 1322. On her release Baroness Badlesmere nee Margaret de Clare and owner of the Manor of Inchiquin, incorporating Kinsalebeg, decided to enter the religious life and joined the Minorite Sisters near Aldgate. This was also known as the house of the Blessed Mary which was founded in 1293 in the parish of St. Botolph outside Aldgate for enclosed nuns of the Order of St Clare. The De Badlesmeres lost part of their estates after their rebellion against Edward II but Margaret de Badlesmere was allowed to keep some of her husband’s manors including Inchiquin. As a footnote to this period of history, Queen Isabella fell out with her husband King Edward II in later years and in fact raised an army in France together with Roger de Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer. They invaded England where they overthrew King Edward II from the throne as King of England. Margaret de Badlesmere spent the years from 1322 until her death in 1333 in the Minorite Sisters convent at Aldgate. The Manor of Inchiquin, including the borough of Kinsalebeg and various other De Badlesmere manors and castles, were inherited by Giles de Badlesmere after her death.

Thomas de Carew (c1331):

Thomas de Carew never actually came into ownership of the lands of Desmond and/or the Manor of Inchiquin but he did claim ownership of some or all of the estate in 1331. We cover details of his claim here for reference but also to outline some of the issues surrounding the legacy of Robert FitzStephen. There were in fact a number of disputes and inquisitions concerning the legal ownership of parts of the Desmond estates and more specifically the ownership of the Manor of Inchiquin over the centuries. We cover one of these in detail later when the de Clare & de Badlesmeres were involved in the Manor of Inchiquin and ownership disputes arose with the then Earl of Desmond.  We have also mentioned the issues surrounding the inheritance of Robert FitzStephen, due to the fact that he had no direct descendants and that he was in the legal vernacular of the time “a bastard”.  An additional inquisition was initiated in 1331 by Thomas de Carew into the ownership of the Robert FitzStephen inheritance in which he claimed that he was in fact the rightful heir to the inheritance. Thomas de Carew was a direct descendant of William FitzGerald de Windsor who had taken the name de Carew as their family name. William and Maurice FitzGerald were brothers and therefore half-brothers of Robert FitzStephen who had initially been granted the lands in Munster by King Henry II. This inquisition was 150 years after the inheritance had passed from Robert FitzStephen to Maurice FitzGerald or more accurately to his son Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald.

It is not completely obvious as to why Thomas de Carew initiated this investigation or inquisition into the legal ownership of the lands of Desmond at this late stage. It may have been that he believed that his ancestor William FitzGerald was in fact more entitled to the Robert FitzStephen inheritance than his brother Maurice FitzGerald and that he was concerned about the legality of the original transaction. Alternatively, he may have believed that William FitzGerald was entitled to at least part of the inheritance and that it should have been shared in some way with his brother Maurice. The more likely conclusion is that the de Carews and FitzGeralds of Desmond had fallen out in some way and that de Carew was jealous of the dynasty that was developing around the FitzGeralds of Desmond. In any case de Carew did not succeed in gaining ownership of any of the Desmond estate but it is interesting to see the conclusions of the inquisition which raised some issues that were later used in the de Badlesmere disputes. The following report on the De Carew inquisition appeared in The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Cork².

“In the reign of King Edward III , Thomas de Carew set up a title as heir to Fitz-Stephen, to all his share of that great estate. But by an inquisition taken at Cork, before Sir Anthony Lucy, Lord Justice, on the 31^st of August, the 5^th [year] of Edward III [31^st Aug 1331],  it was found: That Robert Fitz-Stephen died, seized of the moiety of the estate granted by King Henry II, to him and Cogan; and that the said Fitz-Stephen was a bastard, and died without issue of his body; that the claim of Thomas de Carew, asserting that he and his ancestors were heirs to Fitz-Stephen, could not be true, because the said Fitz-Stephen was a bastard, nor any but the issue of his body; and further, that the said Fitz-Stephen, in his lifetime, enfeoffed Maurice Fitz-Thomas [note - Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor] before he was created Earl of Desmond, of the castle and manor of Dunemarke, and the moiety of the estate granted to him by King Henry II.”

Giles De Badlesmere  2^nd Lord Badlesmere (=> 1338):

            Giles de Badlesmere was a son of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and inherited what remained of his father’s estate including the borough of Kinsalebeg in the Manor of Inchiquin. He married Elizabeth de Montagu, daughter of William de Montagu, 1^st Earl of Salisbury and Katherine de Grandison daughter of William de Grandison, 1^st Lord Grandison. Giles De Badlesmere only lived until 1338 and had no heirs so the De Badlesmere estates were divided amongst Giles De Badlesmere’s four sisters, daughters of Bartholomew and Margaret De Badlesmere. The four sisters were:

(1) Margery de Badlesmere who married William de Ros, 3^rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley and subsequently Thomas de Arundel;

(2) Maud de Badlesmere who married John de Vere, 7^th Earl of Oxford;

(3) Elizabeth de Badlesmere who married Sir Edmund Mortimer and subsequently William de Bohun 1^st Earl of Northampton;

(4) Margaret de Badlesmere who married John Tiptoft 2^nd Baron Tibetot; Maud’s inheritance included Bunratty Castle & Quin Castle, parts of the old Thomond, the manors of Knockainy and Askeaton and miscellaneous other properties. Maud died in 1327 and was succeeded by her son Robert who had the title Lord Clifford.

Details of estate of Giles de Badlesmere:

The following are details of an inquisition held in Youghal in 1348 which was established to clarify the details of the inheritance of Giles de Badlesmere who had died in 1338. The inheritance, which included the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating Kinsalebeg, was to be split between the four sisters of Giles de Badlesmere as outlined above. The details are obtained from the Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem (1346-1352)¹³ during the reign of King Edward III (1327-1377). It is a useful document as it describes in detail the de Badlesmere inheritance including the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating Kinsalebeg (Kynsall), Youghal (Yoghill) and Inchiquin (Ynchecoyn). It also includes names of those who were occupying or leasing the land and who would generally be paying rent to the overall landlord, in this case the de Badlesmeres. The term burgage or burgages refers to a particular tenure of land or tenement in a town which was generally held by individuals called burgesses who would have been freemen of the town or area. A burgage might be an area of land equivalent to a modern day townland for example. The term carucate or ploughland is a medieval term used for tax purposes and was based on the area a ploughing team consisting of eight oxen could plough in a single season. A carucate or ploughland generally referred to an area of around 120 acres of arable land. The year of this inquisition is written as ‘22 Edward III’, which indicates the 22^nd year of the reign of Edward III who reigned from 1327 to 1377, so the actual year of this document would have been 1348. In Anglo-Norman times a knight's fee was the measure of the land required by a knight not only to maintain himself and his entourage but also sufficient to equip them with horses and armour to enable them to fight battles for the landlord. The inquisition details that follow are transcribed as they appeared in the original inquisition with the names of places, individuals, spellings, legal terms and descriptions as they were in 1348:

“119. Giles de Badlesmere or de Badlesmer.

Writ to Walter de Birmyngeham, justiciary of Ireland, to enquire as to the lands and heir of the said Giles, 8 April, 22 Edward III.

Endorsed that the writ reached the said Walter at Kilkenny on 20 May of the same year.

Ireland. Inq. Made at ‘le Yoghill’ before Roger Darcy, escheator of Ireland, 12 May, 22 Edward III.

Ynchecoyn. The castle and manor (extent given), including rents of divers burgages in Yoghill, co. Cork, a stone tower, 1a. [1 acre] land called ‘le Orchard’ now arable land, 9a. meadow and 40a. pasture in Gortorkran or Gortorcan, a several pasture called ‘Moyalar,’ 60a. oak wood called ‘le Park,’  20a. oak wood and thorns called ‘Clonkyn.’ 15a. boggy land with briars (vepris) and ‘alrys ‘ growing thereon called ‘Curragh,’ 5a. boggy land called ‘Corragh,’ another 20a. boggy land called ‘Mounloueth,’ 6a. turbary called ‘le Clontyn,’ and other turbaries, held of the king in chief by service of a barony.

                        Tenants in socage and at the will of the lord:-

                        Cloyntyns Hertheratg. A carucate of land containing 120a. held by Thomas Matrehin.

Le Cloyntyns. A carucate of land held by Alan Taylefer and Philip Molyn.

Gortorcran. A carucate of land held by Richard Rossel.

Cnokmonlegh. A carucate of land held by Cormok Ockonnyll and John Oskynath.

Balymaconyll. A carucate of land held by Molaghlyn Makalan and Nicholas Offengus.

Balytarsyn. A carucate and half of land held by Walter Clement, rendering 6d. yearly and suit of court as above.

Barryeston. A carucate of land held by Jordan de cauntelowe, rendering a sparrow-hawk or 6d. yearly and doing suit twice yearly.

Brenegeygh. Half a carucate of land held by Thomas Unak, rendering 20s. yearly, without suit.

Ardagh. Two carucates of land held by John Caunton, rendering 15s. 4d. yearly and suit of court fortnightly as above.

Ynchemor. Five carucates of land held by William son of David de Barry and John son of John de Barry, for suit of court as above for all service.

Schengar. Three knights’ fees held by Peter le Power, rendering 8d. yearly and suit of court as above.

Balymaketh. Two carucates of land held by the same Peter, rendering 12d. yearly and suit of court as above.

Ynchecoyn. Four burgages and two and a half carucates of land held in burgage by ancient feoffment by Maurice de Cantilupo, Richard Laweles, Alan Laweles and Robert Walyngford, rendering 2d. yearly and suit as above.

Le Ynch. Three knights’ fees held by Peter le Power, rendering 2d. yearly and suit as above.

Ynchecoyn. The cottage of Ynchecoyn which used to render 2s. 6d. yearly in now waste and renders nothing.

Yoghill. 134 ½ burgages held by divers burgesses who render 6l. 14s. 5½ d. yearly and each of them owes suit at the hundred of the said town every fortnight; pleas and perquisites of the hundred extended at 13s. 4d. yearly and pleas of the fair at 12d. yearly; and four sites of water-mills which used to render 10l. yearly but now nothing because they are waste.

Kynsall [Kinsalebeg]. A carucate of land in le Rath, held freely by John Haket for 12s. 6d. yearly, with suit. A carucate of land in Tybergowe held by John Gascoyng for 8s. yearly, with suit; 24 burgages held by 24 burgesses, rendering 34s. 4d. yearly to the lord of the manor of Ynchecoyn; the same hold 8a. land in ‘le Rothranes’ at will for 16d. yearly; pleas and perquisites of the hundred extended at 12d. yearly and a ferry over the water at 34s. 4d.

He held no lands &c. except of the king.

Date of death not known because he died in England. Elizabeth, married to William de Bohun, earl of Northampton, Maud, married to John de Vere, earl of Oxford, Margery, late the wife of William de Roos, and Margaret, late the wife of John Typetot, are heirs of the said Giles and of full age.

Joan, late the wife of Richard de Clare, lord of the manor of Ynchecoyn, was dowered after the said Richard’s death with the following parcels, viz. 1a. land, sometimes an orchard, a carucate of arable land and pasture of the demesne, 1a. and half an acre of meadow by the water.

Knokmonley. A carucate of land and 20a.

Balikylt. A carucate of land.

Drommaissill. 30a. land.

Balylynk. A  plot of land and ‘curragh,’ which used to render 12s. yearly and now nothing for want of tenants; and 10a. land by Balylynk which lie waste for the same reason.

Inchemacbranduff.  A carucate of land held by Simon de Cantilupo for 50s. yearly.

Drushan. 6a. land held by William de Cantilupo for 6d. yearly; a parcel of land held by Ralph Cantok for 2s. 6d. yearly, and half an acre of land held by the burgesses of Inchecoyngg for 26s. 8d. yearly.

Ynchecoyng. Two cottages held for 12d. yearly

Fythamonkyr (?). Two cottages held for 12d. yearly; and four cottages which render 2s. yearly.

Yoghill. 35 ½ burgages were assigned in dower to the said Joan, rendering 35s. 1d. yearly; pleas of the hundred are extended at 40d. and pleas of the fair at 6d. yearly.

Kynsall. 14d. yearly free rent; eight burgesses rendering 13d. yearly; and the ferry assigned in dower renders 13d. yearly.

The reversion of all lands &c. so held in dower belongs to the heirs of Giles de Badlesmere after the said Joan’s death.”

Limerick: Inq. taken at Limerick, before Roger Darcy, escheator of Ireland, 26 May, 22 Edward III.

Limerick: Inq. taken at Limerick, touching the knight’s fees and advowsons of churches late of the said Giles in Ireland, taken before Roger Darcy, escheator of Ireland, 26 May, 22 Edward III.”

There follows in the inquisition a series of entries related to Limerick which were also part of the Giles de Badlesmere estate and which we are not including here with the exception of the last few entries:

Contd…

“All the above held of the manor of Inchescoyng.

Inchescoyng. The rectory of the church, to which the church of St. Mary of Yoghill pertains, is in the gift of the heirs of the said Giles as of the said manor of Inchescoyng, as also in the vicarage of the said church of St. Mary.

Moytanenagh. Two carucates of land in le Meyng held by Thomas de la Chapell, doing suit at the court of Moytanenage, without other service.

Moytanenagh. The rectory and vicarage of the church of St. John pertain to the gift of the heirs of the said Giles.

C. Edw. III. File 93. (1.)”

                The details above give an overview of the Manor of Inchiquin and the Giles de Badlesmere estate including the rental value of the properties. More specifically it indicates that there were 24 burgesses in Kinsalebeg which were part of the de Badlesmere Manor of Inchiquin estate. The borough of Kinsalebeg essentially came into the ownership of Margaret de Tiptoft nee de Badlesmere even though she did not live to take complete ownership of it as she died before the difficulties with the Earl of Desmond were resolved in 1351. Eight Kinsalebeg burgesses and the ferry were to be held by Joan, widow of Richard de Clare, until her death at which point they would revert to the de Badlesmere estate.

Margaret de Badlesmere (c 1315 => 1347):

            Margaret de Badlesmere was one of the four daughters of Bartholomew and Margaret de Badlesmere and who inherited part of their estate after the death of her brother Giles in 1338 without issue. The inheritance was split up with various segments of the estate going to the daughters of Margaret de Badlesmere or their heirs. Margaret inherited the Castle and Manor of Inchiquin, various properties in Youghal and the borough of Kinsalebeg in Waterford. She also inherited the Manor of Ardrahan incorporating the castle and town, the Manor of Mahoonagh in Limerick plus various lands in Connaught. In the meantime, the 1^st Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald, was in rebellion and had been occupying the Manor of Inchiquin and indeed other lands in the Munster area in the period from around 1327 onwards. He continued to occupy the Manor of Inchiquin and other estates despite the issuing of royal writs insisting that he vacate the property. It took a series of legal battles, confrontations and ultimately a military campaign against the 1^st Earl of Desmond before the descendants of Bartholomew De Badlesmere and Margaret De Clare succeeded in getting their inheritance in 1351. The Earl of Desmond’s rebellion against the authorities ended in 1346 when he surrendered to the royal authorities on condition that he would be allowed to travel safely to England to defend his actions over recent decades and to answer the charge of treason raised against him. The Earl of Desmond eventually received a pardon for his alleged treason as presumably the king felt he was more benefit to him alive than dead. He returned to Ireland in 1350 but at this point his previous estates were in a state of disarray as much of his land had been confiscated and in other cases ironically occupied. His financial situation was precarious and in addition he did not have many friends due to his activities in earlier years. He was appointed Lord Justice of Ireland for life in July 1355 which was amazing in the circumstances but he died shortly afterwards at Dublin Castle in January 1356.

It was during the above series of legal confrontations concerning the estate of Giles de Badlesmere that it was established that the burgesses of Kinsalebeg were deserted in 1351 and that there were no traces of any human habitation there at that time. There was no mention of this desertion when Giles De Badlesmere died in 1338 and when the Manor of Inchiquin inheritance passed to his sisters. It is logical to assume that the Kinsalebeg desertion happened between 1349 and 1350. It was this testimony that established that there were no Kinsalebeg survivors of the Black Death plague which occurred in the period 1348 to 1350. There was also a high level of wastage and desertion in other parts of the Manor of Inchiquin, including Youghal, and no doubt the destructive activities of the Earl of Desmond were also a contributory factor to the widespread desolation in this part of East Cork and West Waterford in this period. By the time the De Badlesmeres daughters had their inheritance restored to them in 1351 there were already a number of changes in their family circumstances. Margaret Tiptoft nee de Badlesmere, who inherited a substantial part of the Manor of Inchiquin, had died around 1345 and her husband Sir John Tiptoft inherited her estate.

Tiptoft Family

Sir John Tiptoft, 2^nd Baron Tibetot (1313 =>1367):

Sir John Tiptoft inherited his wife Margaret de Badlesmere’s estate including the Manor of Inchiquin and Kinsalebeg. He came to Ireland for a brief period in 1351 to make arrangements for the administration of the estates as presumably he had no intention of taking up residence in Ireland. There were two children of his marriage to Margaret de Badlesmere namely Robert Tiptoft, 3^rd Baron Tibetot (1341 to 1372) and John Tiptoft who died without children. Sir John Tiptoft married Elizabeth Aspall, daughter of Sir Robert Aspall, after the death of his first wife and they had one child Sir Pain Tiptoft who died around 1414. Robert Tiptoft, Lord Tiptoft inherited his father’s estates.

Sir Robert Tiptoft, 3^rd Baron Tibetot (1341 => 1372):

Sir Robert Tiptoft inherited his father’s estates including the Manor of Inchiquin. He married Margaret Deincourt who was daughter of Sir William Deincourt and Millicent la Zouche and they had three daughters Margaret, Millicent and Elizabeth.

The difficulties encountered in establishing the inheritance rights of the De Badlesmeres in the Manor of Inchiquin appeared to be over by 1351, at which point the Earl of Desmond was effectively no longer in the picture. However the de Badlesmeres and their heirs ran into another series of difficulties in the following decades which were mainly due to their ongoing absence from their Irish properties. The third son of King Edward III, otherwise known as the 1^st Duke of Clarence or Lionel of Antwerp, was appointed governor of Ireland in 1361 and set about implementing legislation and procedures to secure the ownership and authority over Irish land. A large number of the Irish landlords were absentee landlords which created major problems for the government both in the effective running of the estates and in the defending of the estates against the local Irish. The difficulties that arose between the de Badlesmeres and the Earl of Desmond in earlier decades were an example of such problems. The de Badlesmeres were by and large absentee landlords and this was part of the reason for difficulties with their estate. The Duke of Clarence was determined to improve the situation and a key part of his strategy was to discourage the practice of absentee landlordism. The de Badlesmere inheritors were obviously reluctant to move to Ireland and partake in the enjoyment of the scenery around the Blackwater River. This resulted in a lot of changes in ownership of the various parts of the Manor of Inchiquin in the following period and a lot of these ownership changes are recorded in the Ormond Deeds which we have listed elsewhere. This was the commencement of the process whereby The Earl of Ormond, over a period, obtained all the Inchiquin lands including Kinsalebeg which had formed the old Manor of Inchiquin. We have summarized below the key transactions in this rather tortuous and long drawn out process.

Earl of Ormond Dynasty

Ormond Takeover of Manor of Inchiquin (1366 => 1420):

The Earl of Ormond takeover of the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating Kinsalebeg took place over an extended period in a series of transactions and events. The following is a summary of some of these events involving William de Ros, Tiptofts, De Badlesmeres and William of Windsor.

William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley (c 1366):

William de Ros, 3^rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley, was the husband of Margery de Badlesmere. He eventually sold all interest in his part of Inchecoigne (Inchiquin) and the advowson of the church in Youghal. He initially appointed William de Hampsterly as his agent in Ireland with full authority over his inheritance. However the then William of Windsor’s government of Ireland was not happy with his absence from Ireland and confiscated his Irish landholdings.  The forfeited properties were eventually returned to him but due to the ongoing absentee problems William de Ros finally decided to sell his Inchiquin holdings together with the advowson of the church in Youghal to William de Hampsterly on a permanent basis in 1366. On 18^th March 1372 William de Hampsterly granted the above Inchiquin holding and advowson of the church in Youghal to Sir William de Wyndesore (William of Windsor).  

Sir Robert Tiptoft, 3^rd Baron Tibetot (c 1367):

Sir Robert Tiptoft, 3^rd Baron Tibetot was a son of Sir John Tiptoft and Margaret de Badlesmere. He had inherited Margaret de Badlesmere’s Inchiquin, Kinsalebeg and other Irish properties in 1367 on the death of his father. He was also an absentee landlord and in 1369 had granted his Manor of Inchiquin, Kinsalebeg, Ardrahan, Mahoonagh and other Limerick and Connaught properties to John Hankyn in order to avoid the probable confiscation of these properties. Later in the year of 1269 John Hankyn granted all these lands to the Earl of Ormond, James Butler and his wife Elizabeth.  

Margaret Tiptoft nee de Badlesmere (c 1372):

In 1372 Sir Robert Tiptoft’s widow, Margaret, quit claimed any remaining rights she may have had in Inchiquin in favour of the Earl of Ormond. In 1378 Margaret Tiptoft, together with her second husband Sir John Cheyne, made a similar quit claim in favour of the Earl of Ormond on “all lands and tenements of Inchecoynge, Yoghill and elsewhere in all the land of Ireland”.

Elizabeth de Badlesmere (c 1374):

Elizabeth de Badlesmer’s part of the Inchiquin inheritance also came under possible confiscation due to absenteeism. She had married Sir Edmund Mortimer and subsequently William de Bohun, 1^st Earl of Northampton. By 1360 Edmund Mortimer Jun had inherited this part of the Inchiquin estate on the death of William de Bohun and in 1374 he granted all his lands in Inchiquin to John Duket, Ralf de Beltisford and Thomas Holdhurst in order to avoid confiscation threats by William of Windsor. John Duket was related to William of Windsor so in effect Windsor was accumulating a significant proportion of the Inchiquin estate himself, albeit by a complicated if not devious route. By 1384 the Earl of Ormond held half of the old Manor of Inchiquin and William of Windsor held the other half but the Windsors probably underestimated the Earl of Ormond’s determination to get complete control of this strategic asset centred around the busy port of Youghal.

William of Windsor (c 1384):

William of Windsor died in 1384 and his estate was inherited by his two sisters Margaret and Christine. Margaret married William Moriers and Christine married John Duket. The Windsor descendants came under tremendous pressure in the following decades to relinquish their Irish properties. This pressure came mainly, either directly or indirectly, from the Earl of Ormond and ironically was based around the absence of the Windsor inheritors from their Irish properties. The “absentee landlord” tactic used by William of Windsor to get hold of Irish land was now being used against his heirs. The process came to an end in 1420 when the Earl of Ormond was finally granted rights to all the old Windsor estates with the following deed dated February 28, 1420:

“Arthur Ormesby, esquire, son of Margaret daughter of William Wyndesore, knight, kinsman and heir of said William grants to James, Earl of Ormond, full seisin in all lands, tenements, rents, services, wardships, marriages, reliefs, escheats, ways and paths and all other appurtenances both in lordships as in services, together with advowson of the church in Youghull which lately belonged to said William in Inchecoigne and Youghull in Ireland, according to form and effect of a writing made between the grantor and the Earl. Given at Youghal on the last day of February in the 7^th year of Henry V. February 28, 1420.”

The final takeover of Inchiquin by James Earl of Ormond in 1420 ended the De Clare/Badlesmere ownership of the Manor of Inchiquin including Youghal and Kinsalebeg. Their involvement covered almost 150 years from the marriage of Juliana FitzGerald and Thomas de Clare in 1275 to the final grant to the then Earl of Ormond in 1420. It had been a troublesome and difficult period for all involved and there would have been few regrets in Kinsalebeg for the departing and mostly absent landlords. We now move on to the surprisingly brief Earl of Ormond period of ownership.

James Butler 4^th Earl of Ormond (1420 => 1422):

            James Butler 4^th Earl of Ormond was a son of James Butler the 3^rd Earl and Anne Welles. He was known as the “White Earl” and was a man of learning. He was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1405 and was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on three occasions between 1420 and 1442.  His period as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was partly overshadowed by a bitter dispute with the Talbot family and in particular with John Talbot, 1^st Earl of Shresbury, and his brother Richard Talbot who was Archbishop of Dublin at the time. In 1431 James Butler married Joan Beauchamp, who was a daughter of William Beauchamp 1^st Baron Bergavenny and Lady Joan FitzAlan, and their main residence was Kilkenny Castle. They had five children namely James (5^th Earl of Ormond), John (6^th Earl), Thomas (7^th Earl), Elizabeth and Anne Butler. Joan Butler nee Beauchamp died in 1430 and in 1432 James Butler married Joan FitzGerald who was a daughter of Gerald FitzGerald 5^th Earl of Kildare. James Butler and his second wife Joan FitzGerald both died in 1452 and he was succeeded by his son James Butler, 5^th Earl of Ormond.

            The largely Munster dynasties of Desmond (FitzGeralds) and Ormond (Butler) were by and large in confrontation for most of their history and invariably were on opposite sides of the many rebellions, insurrections and disputes that arose during this period. The Earls of Desmond had laid claim to the Manor of Inchiquin, as outlined above, and this had resulted in numerous inquisitions over the preceding century involving the Desmonds and the descendants of the de Clares. When the dust had settled in 1420 the entire Manor of Inchiquin, including presumably Kinsalebeg, belonged to the Earl of Ormond. This undoubtedly was a source of extreme annoyance to the then Earl of Desmond. This makes the following two deeds between the Earl of Ormond and the Earl of Desmond in 1422 and 1429 all the more surprising as it would appear that the two dynasties had decided to temporarily or otherwise end their hostilities and move forward in co-operation.

In 1420 the Earl of Ormond had appointed James FitzGerald, 6^th Earl of Desmond, as seneschal of Imokilly. The first deed in 1420 transferred the management of the Ormond baronies and lordships of Inchiquin, Imokilly and Youghal to then 6^th Earl of Desmond, James FitzGerald.  The second deed in 1429 transferred the ownership of the Barony of Inchiquin and Youghal from the Earl of Ormond, namely James Butler 4^th Earl Ormond, to the 6^th Earl of Desmond namely James FitzGerald. An element of the 1429 deed included an agreement that Anne Butler, daughter of the 4^th Earl of Ormond, would marry Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald, son and heir of the Earl of Desmond, thus cementing the Ormond and Desmond relationship. There was a practical reason as to why the Earl of Ormond might have transferred Inchiquin and Youghal to the Desmonds. This part of south Munster was very much in Desmond territory and would have been difficult for Ormond to control. Ormond obviously decided that Inchiquin would be a good bargaining chip to get the Desmonds on their side. As events transpired it would appear that the marriage part of the indenture between Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald, 7^th Earl of Desmond, and Anne Butler never actually took place. Thomas FitzGerald 7^th Earl of Desmond married Ellice de Barry daughter of William Barry 8^th Baron Barry. Anne Butler, daughter of the 4^th Earl of Ormond, was still unmarried when she died.  In addition Johanna aka Joan Butler nee Beauchamp, Countess of Ormond, mentioned in the indenture, had died in 1430 which was the year after the agreement was made between the Ormonds and the Desmonds. She was supposed to act as governess for Thomas FitzGerald and was therefore not around to keep an eye on proceedings and to ensure that all parties adhered to the agreement.

The following is the text of the two deeds mentioned above:

Entry 51 in Ormond Deeds Vol III, indenture between Earl of Ormond and Earl of Desmond for Youghal, Inchiquin and Imokilly, dated 31^st Jan 1422:

“Sixteenth-century copy of an indenture in latin between the Earl of Ormond and the Earl of Desmond for Youghal, Inchecoyne, and Imokilly. This indenture made on Saturday next before the feast of the Purification of the B.V.M. [Blessed Virgin Mary] in the 9^th year of Henry V [1422], between James le Botiller [James Butler], Earl of Ormond, and James son of Gerald, Earl of Desmond, witnesses that the former has appointed and ordained the Earl of Desmond keeper (custoden), governor, and supervisor of all the baronies and lordships of Ynchecoyne, Ymakyll and the town of Youghull, with all free tenants, farmers (firmariis) of the said Earl [of Ormond] and tenants residing and remaining within said lordships. And that the Earl of Desmond will defend the same with all their possessions and tenants against all Irish enemies and rebels, and with all his power will keep them unharmed, and if any wrongs be done to them will immediately have them amended and restoration made at his own costs in all parts of Munster. The Earl of Ormond also grants that the said free tenants, farmers and residents shall aid the Earl of Desmond in resisting such enemies or rebels with all their power as they would have done to the Earl of Ormond in such a case. To have and to hold said custody of the Earl of Ormond for the term of his life. The Earl of Ormond also appoints the Earl of Desmond his seneschal for life in all his baronies and demesnes above said over all his courts and jurisdictions, to do full justice to all, etc. Also to appoint all officers and correct their defects (the receiver of the Earl of Ormond’s rents and profits there excepted) – with power to remove such officers and appoint others in their places whenever necessary. The Earl of Ormond also grants to the Earl of Desmond for the term of his life and moiety of the profits of all rents in the above lordships, baronies and town of Youghal, also of the courts, wardships, marriages, reliefs, escheats and royal service and all other profits whatsoever thence arising. Also the Earl of Ormond gives and grants to the Earl of Desmond for the term of his life two hundred and forty acres of land of his demesnes wherever the latter wishes to select them within the said lordships, etc. and cultivated land (husbandria) of the same, to have and to hold free of rent, together with heriots (harietis), autumn works, ponages and other customs, aids and works whatsoever as were yearly accustomed to be done for maintaining husbandry there. The Earl of Desmond during his life may let lands ets., to tenants and farmers in the same at the accustomed rent as is the custom in letting, and to receive the same back from them when they wish to surrender according to the custom of those manors. The tenants and farmers shall be intendent and obedient to the Earl of Desmond as to their former lord. [Provisions follow for the return of these manors at the death of the Earl of Ormond]. January 31, 1422.”

Entry 88 in Ormond Deeds Vol III, indenture between the Earl of Ormond and the Earl of Desmond for the marriage and for Youghal, dated 10^th May 1429:

“Parchment deed in English in 16^th century hand described as “The copie of the Indenture betwixt therle of Ormond and therle of Desmond for the marriage and for Youghyll.” “Yeven at Develyn the xth of Maii the yere of the reign of Kyng Henry the VI^th the seventh [May 10, 1429]” The more important provisions are given below. Indenture made between James, Earl of Ormond, and James fitz Gerald, the said Earl of Desmond, witnesses that Thomas fitz James fitzGerald, the said Earl of Desmond’s son son and heir, shall take to wife Anne le Boteler [Anne Butler], the said earl of Ormond’s daughter. The Earl of Desmond shall ordain that Thomas be sent to Johanna Countess of Ormond, to be kept under her governance. The Earl of Ormond shall enfeoff Thomas and Anne in the Barony of Inchecoyne, etc., and town of Youghal and all their appurtenances thereof, except the advowson of the church of Youghal, to have and to hold to them and the heirs begotten between them. For defect of such issue the remainder to be to the Earl of Ormond and his heirs for ever. If Thomas die before the marriage be consummated, Anne shall marry another son and heir of the Earl of Desmond. If Anne die similarly, Thomas shall wed another daughter of the Earl of Ormond. Johanna, Countess of Ormond, shall have the keeping, nurture and governance of the next issue male of the Earl of Desmond, born in matrimony. If Thomas die as above, the Earl of Ormond shall entail the above barony etc. to whatever sons and daughters of the two Earls shall marry as aforesaid.

The Earl of Desmond shall grant a clear rent charge to Thomas and Anne of forty pounds yearly, to be taken out of all his lands in counties Waterford and Tipperary. Also if he acquire lands in Leinster, Uriel, Meath by entry or recovery, a rent-charge of ten pounds. Also the Earl of Ormond grants that the Earl of Desmond shall have and enjoy all the said barony and town during the tender age of Thomas and Anne. The two Earls shall maintain cherish, love and defend each and either of the two and their heirs and children against all men, saving their allegiance, in the parts of Leinster, Meath and Uriel and all other parts within Ireland that fall hereafter. If said inheritance fall of right to the Earl of Desmond, he shall have it to him and the heir male of his body freely begotten. Also whereas the Earl of Desmond and David fitz Maurice are bound to the Earl of Ormond in one thousand pounds by a bond of the Staple to pay at his will, if the Earl of Desmond well and truly observe all above indentures, the debt shall stand annulled. Given at Dublin on the 10^th day of May in the 7^th year of Henry VI [10^th May 1429]. “Moreover for the moste suerte that all the covenants rehersed above on her both parties truly to be kepte without any fraude or collusion they both bene sworn every to other thereto upon a Masse boke.” May 10, 1429”.

Earl of Desmond Dynasty (c 1422 => 1583)

We now move on to the period in which the FitzGeralds, with the title of Earls of Desmond, were in ownership of the Manor of Inchiquin incorporating Kinsalebeg. Of course the FitzGeralds of Desmond had been major land owners in Munster from the time of the Norman invasion but we are only covering the period from 1422 onwards in which they had a land interest in the Youghal and Kinsalebeg areas. The map below from 1450 gives an indication of the dominance of the Desmond dynasty in Munster in this period and also shows the large landholdings of their great rivals the Ormonds. The 6^th to 15^th Earls of Desmond descendant tree provides a summary of the genealogy of the various Earls of Desmond who were landlords in Kinsalebeg and most of Munster from around 1420 to 1583.

Earls of Desmond (Landowners in Kinsalebeg) Genealogy:

The following summary shows the position of the various Earls of Desmond in the family tree from the 6^th Earl of Desmond onwards. The highlighted names are those who were heirs to the Desmond estates over the centuries and would therefore have been the effective overall landlords in Kinsalebeg at that time – the numbers to the left of the name indicate the relative generation from the 6^th Earl onwards and plus (+) indicates the spouse of the preceding name. A brief history of each of the Earls of Desmond from the 6^th to the 15^th Earl of Desmond follows this listing.

..... 1  James FitzGerald 6th Earl of Desmond ( - 1463) d: 1463 in Mocollop, Title: Baron Decies

.....  + Mary Burke

........... 2 Thomas FitzGerald 7th Earl of Desmond ( - 1467) d:  c 1467 in Drogheda, Title:Lord Deputy of Ireland

...........  + Ellice Barry m: 22 Aug 1455

................. 3 James FitzGerald 8th Earl of Desmond - 1487) d: 07 Dec 1487 in Rathkeale

.................  + Margaret O'Brien

................. 3  Maurice Bacach FitzGerald 9th Earl of Desmond

.................  + Ellen Roche

....................... 4  James FitzGerald 10th Earl of Desmond ( - 1529) d: 16 Jun 1529.

.......................  + Amy Mac Ui Brien (1497 - 1537) b: 1497, d: Bef. 1537

............................. 5 Joan FitzGerald FitzGerald (1509 - 1564) b: Abt. 1509 in Desmond, Western Australia, Australia, d: Bet. 02 Jan 1564–1565, Title: Countess Ormonde & Desmond

....................... 4  Thomas FitzGerald

....................... 4  Ellen FitzGerald

....................... 4  Joan FitzGerald

.................  + Honora FitzGibbon

................. 3 Thomas FitzGerald 11th Earl of Desmond (1454 - 1534) b: 1454, d: 1534 in Rathkeale.

.................  + Sheila McCarthy

....................... 4  Maurice FitzGerald ( - 1529) d: 1529 in Jerpoint Kilkenny

.......................  + Joan FitzGibbon

............................. 5  James FitzGerald 12th Earl of Desmond d: 19 Mar 1540 in Kerry.

................. + Catherine FitzGerald Countess Desmond b: 1464 in Dromana Castle m:1483

................. 3  John FitzGerald 13th Earl of Desmond ( - 1536) d: 1536.

.................  + Maud Mor O'Brien

....................... 4  Thomas FitzGerald ( - 1520) d: 1520

....................... 4  James FitzGerald 14th Earl of Desmond

.......................  + Joan Roche

............................. 5  Thomas Ruadh FitzGerald ( - 1595) d: 1595, Title: Sir (of Conna)

.............................  + Ellice Poer

................................... 6 James FitzThomas FitzGerald 17th Earl of Desmond ( - 1607) d: 1607 in Tower of London.

...................................  + Margaret Power

................................... 6 John FitzThomas FitzGerald 18th Earl of Desmond d: Aft. 1615.

...................................  + Daughter Comerford

......................................... 7  Gerald FitzJohn FitzGerald Title: 1st Count D'Esmond

................................... 6  Gerald FitzGerald

................................... 6  Ada FitzGerald

................................... 6  Margaret FitzGerald

................................... 6  Daughter6to8 FitzGerald

............................. 5  Joan FitzGerald

............................. 5  Eleanor FitzGerald

.......................  + Catherine Butler m: Bef. Feb 1549, Title: Countess Desmond

.......................  + Mor O'Caerbhaill

............................. 5 Gerald FitzGerald 15th Earl of Desmond (1533 - 1583) d: 11 Nov 1583 in Glenagintigha, Tralee Co Kerry.

 .............................  + Joan FitzGerald m: Abt. 1551, Title: Countess Ormonde & Desmond

................................... 6  Margaret FitzGerald

.............................  + Eleanor Butler Title: Countess Desmond

................................... 6  James FitzGerald 16th Earl of Desmond

................................... 6  Ellen FitzGerald

................................... 6  Elizabeth FitzGerald

................................... 6  Margaret FitzGerald

................................... 6  Ellice FitzGerald

............................. 5  John FitzGerald Title: Sir

............................. 5  Margaret FitzGerald

............................. 5  Joan FitzGerald

............................. 5  Ellice FitzGerald

............................. 5  Honora FitzGerald

.......................  + Evelyn Mor McCarthy

............................. 5  James FitzGerald Title: Sir

....................... 4  Maurice FitzGerald Title: Sir

....................... 4  John Og FitzGerald

................. 3  Gerrot Og FitzGerald

................. 3  Ellen FitzGerald

........... 2  Jane FitzGerald ( - 1486) d: 1486 in Adare Monastery, Title: Countess Kildare

...........  + ThomasFitzGerald Title: 7th Earl of Kildare

................. 3  Gerald Garret Mor FitzGerald Title: 8th Earl of Kildare

................. 3  Eleanor FitzGerald

................. 3  James FitzGerald

................. 3  Thomas FitzGerald ( - 1487) d: 1487, Title: Sir

........... 2  Gerald FitzGerald Title: Baron Decies (Dromana)

........... 2  Honora FitzGerald

James FitzGerald, 6^th Earl of Desmond (1422 => 1463):

It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the Earls of Desmond varies in different historical documents. This is primarily due to the situation that arose when Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald the 2^nd Earl of Desmond died. The next Earl of Desmond, by right, would have been Nicholas Fitzmaurice FitzGerald who was a brother of the previous earl. However in the vernacular of the time Nicholas was classified as “an idiot” and King Edward III granted custody of the Desmond estates to Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald who was a younger half-brother of Nicholas. Some historical documents still record Nicholas as being the 3^rd Earl of Desmond, whereas others refer to his brother Gerard as being the 3^rd Earl of Desmond. As a result of this the sequence numbers of the Earl of Desmond may differ depending on whether we treat Nicholas or Gerard as being the 3^rd Earl of Desmond. In this document Gerard is considered to be the 3^rd Earl and all subsequent Earls of Desmond are numbered accordingly. This history is concerned with the line of Desmonds starting with James FitzGerald 6^th Earl of Desmond as he was the first Earl of Desmond in the 15^th century to have an involvement in landholding in the Youghal and Kinsalebeg area. James FitzGerald, 6^th Earl of Desmond, was also known as “James the Usurper” because of the manner in which he acceded to the title of Earl of Desmond which had been held by his nephew Thomas FitzJohn FitzGerald the 5^th Earl of Desmond. Thomas married Catherine McCormack who was a daughter of one of his tenants or dependants and it was considered by the family that he had married “beneath him”.  James FitzGerald took a leading role in forcing Thomas into exile in France where he died at Rouen on 10^th August 1420. James in the meantime had seized the Desmond estates and with it the title of 6^th Earl of Desmond as well as the unwanted nickname of “James the Usurper”.  

As outlined above the Manor of Inchiquin, Imokilly and Youghal came back into Desmond control following the agreements between James Butler 4^th Earl of Ormond and James FitzGerald 6^th Earl of Desmond in 1420 and 1429. James FitzGerald initially took over the running of Imokilly, Inchiquin & Youghal in 1420 as seneschal of the Earl of Ormond before ownership of the estates were given to him as part of the 1429 Ormond & Butler agreement. These indentures did not specify any particular parishes or townlands other than the manor of Inchiquin, Imokilly and Youghal so we are assuming that Kinsalebeg still remained as part of the estate and thus passed to the Desmonds. There are also separate records including the “Historical Memoirs of the O’Briens³” which indicate that “James (7^th) Earl of Desmond obtained a grant of the territory eastward of the Blackwater, from Henry V in 1413”. The Inchiquin and Youghal estates, and any Desmond land on the Waterford side of the Blackwater river, were to remain with the Desmond FitzGerald descendants until after the rebellions in 1582. At this point the lands were confiscated and a large part of those in East Cork & West Waterford were given to Sir Walter Raleigh and others. James FitzGerald married Mary de Burgh, daughter of Ulick de Burgh. He died in 1462/3 and was buried in the Friary in Youghal.  He was succeeded by his son Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald who became the 7^th Earl of Desmond (or 8^th as per earlier note).

Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald 7^th Earl of Desmond (=> 1467):

            Thomas was son of James FitzGerald 6^th Earl of Desmond and Mary de Burgh.  He was Lord Deputy of Ireland, under the Duke of Clarence, from 1462 until he died. He founded the College of Youghal in 1464. He married Ellice Barry who was a daughter of Lord Barry of Buttervant and they had six children. Three of their sons namely James, Maurice and Thomas subsequently became Earls of Desmond. We have recorded above the 1429 deed between the Desmonds and the Ormonds whereby this Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald was to marry Anne Butler daughter of the 4^th Earl of Ormond but the marriage never actually took place. Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald fought on the side of the House of York against the Butler supported House of Lancaster in the Battle of Piltown (Kilkenny) in 1462 and was victorious with over four hundred Butler casualties. The traditional Ormond v Desmond relationship had obviously returned to the normal hostile state at this point. This was the only Irish battle in this English civil war, which was known as the War of the Roses. Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald was succeeded in government in 1467 by John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, who accused him of treason against the king by supporting the Irish against the King’s subjects. FitzGerald was attained of treason at a special parliament held at Drogheda and was convicted. He was beheaded on 15^th February 1467 at Drogheda and was buried in St Peter’s Church in Drogheda Co Louth. Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald was succeeded as 8^th Earl of Desmond by his son James (FitzThomas) FitzGerald in 1467.

James FitzThomas FitzGerald 8^th Earl of Desmond (1459 => 1487):

James FitzThomas FitzGerald became the 8^th Earl of Desmond in 1467 at eight years of age. He was son of Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald, 7^th Earl of Desmond, and Ellice Barry. He later married Margaret O’Brien, daughter of Thady O’Brien Prince of Thomond.  He was murdered at Rathkeale Limerick on 7^th December 1487 when he was 28 years of age and was buried in the North Abbey of Youghal. It was widely believed that his murder was instigated by his brother Maurice Bacach FitzGerald who succeeded him as 9^th Earl of Desmond.

Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald 9^th Earl of Desmond (1445 => 1520):

 Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald was a son of Thomas Fitzjames FitzGerald 7^th Earl of Desmond and Ellice Barry. He was a brother of the 8^th Earl of Desmond and it is believed that he was involved in the murder of his brother. He was nicknamed Maurice Bacach due to his lameness and he was usually carried around in a horse-litter due to his infirmity. He also had the nicknames of “Vehiculus” and Bellicosus”, the latter on account of his apparent bravery.   He incurred the anger of King Henry VII when he supported Perkin Walbeck who was a pretender to the throne of England. Welbeck claimed to be the Duke of York and a younger son of King Edward IV. Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald supported him in some of his ventures including a siege of Waterford. Pierce Walbeck was eventually captured and hung at Tyburn. Maurice Bacach FitzGerald was apparently lucky to be forgiven by King Henry VII who in fact granted him various privileges including customs duties in Cork, Limerick, Kinsale, Baltimore and Youghal. Maurice built the Desmond Castle in Kinsale in 1500 as a result of this and it was initially used as the Custom House for Kinsale. Maurice firstly married Ellen Roche daughter of Maurice Roche Lord of Fermoy and secondly Honora FitzGibbon, daughter of the White Knight. He died in 1520 and was buried in Tralee. Maurice was succeeded by his son James FitzMaurice FitzGerald who became 10^th Earl of Desmond.  James was a son of his first marriage to Ellen Roche. One of Maurice’s daughters, Joan FitzGerald, later married Gerald the 15^th Earl of Desmond who was her cousin.

James FitzMaurice FitzGerald 10^th Earl of Desmond (c. 1495 => 1529):

            James FitzMaurice FitzGerald succeeded his father Maurice and became 10^th Earl of Desmond. He married Amy Mac-I-Brien-Ara, daughter of Turlough Mac-I-Brien Ara, and they had three daughters namely Joan, Honora and Ellice FitzGerald. He adopted a strong anti- English stand and supported the French in their war with England. He maintained regular contact with foreign powers and supported Richard de la Pole who was a pretender to the throne of England. James FitzGerald plotted against King Henry VIII which was a dangerous occupation for anyone wishing to keep their head in contact with the rest of their body. He aligned himself with King Francis and subsequently Emperor Charles V of France against the English monarch.

He had a reputation for running a highly disciplined administration in Munster with an emphasis on strong justice and a highly trained military presence. He maintained the ongoing battle between the dynasties of Desmond and Ormond but did not have everything his own way as the Desmonds incurred heavy losses in a battle with the Ormonds during the reign of Henry VIII. James Fitzmaurice FitzGerald died on 18^th June 1529 and was buried in Friars Preachers Tralee with his father.

Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald 11^th Earl of Desmond (1454 => 1534):

 Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald, 13^th Earl of Desmond, was son of Thomas FitzGerald, 7^th Earl of Desmond and his wife Ellice Barry. He was a brother of James 8^th Earl of Desmond and Maurice Bacach 9^th Earl of Desmond. He was also an uncle of the preceding 10^th Earl of Desmond, James Fitzmaurice FitzGerald who died in 1529. Thomas was known as “Sir Thomas the Bald” but was also known as “Thomas the Victorious” as a result of his success in battle. During his life he was successful in nine battles and apparently killed two of the Lords of Muskerry in these battles. He also killed John Barry, 12^th Lord Barry at Ballynecranagh, around 1530. Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald firstly married Sheila McCarthy and they had a son Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald who died at Jerpoint, Kilkenny in 1529. He secondly married Catherine (Katherine) FitzGerald who was a daughter of John FitzGerald, Lord of the Decies of Dromana and his wife Ellen FitzGibbon. Catherine FitzGerald was otherwise known as the Old Countess of Desmond and some details of her extraordinary long life are covered elsewhere in this history. Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald died in Rathkeale in 1534 at the age of 80 years and was buried in Youghal. There was a dispute over the succession to the title of Earl of Desmond when Thomas the 11^th Earl died in 1534. Thomas’s brother, John FitzGerald, disputed the passing of the title to James FitzMaurice FitzGerald who was a grandson of the 11^th Earl. We will not go into the details here but in effect James FitzMaurice FitzGerald became the legal (de jure) 12^th Earl of Desmond and John FitzThomas FitzGerald became the practicing (de facto) 12^th Earl of Desmond. James died in 1540 and John died in 1536 so we are talking about a relatively short period of confusion from the death of Thomas the 11^th Earl in 1534 to death of James in 1540. In some historical records there is no 13^th Earl of Desmond but other records have James as the 12^th Earl and John as the 13^th Earl and we will stay with this convention.

Catherine FitzGerald nee FitzGerald Countess of Desmond:

            Catherine FitzGerald, Countess of Desmond, was the second wife of Thomas FitzGerald 11^th Earl of Desmond. Her life has been the subject of many books and articles and it is worth recounting some aspects of her life here as she was the wife of a Kinsalebeg land owner. She was born in Dromana and was the daughter of the 2^nd Lord of the Decies John FitzGerald and his wife Ellen FitzGibbon so her maiden and married name was FitzGerald. Her mother, Ellen FitzGibbon, was a daughter of Maurice FitzGibbon who was known as “The White Knight”. Catherine FitzGerald was born at Dromana around 1464 and married Thomas FitzGerald about 1483 according to historical records. Her husband died in 1534 when he was eighty years of age and when Catherine would have been seventy years of age. It is from this point on that the life of the Countess of Desmond entered into an extraordinary phase as she apparently lived on for another seventy years if historical records are accurate. The Earl of Desmond granted his wife Catherine a life tenancy of Inchiquin Castle after his death so the implications of her long life would affect a lot of people including the following five Earls of Desmond, Walter Raleigh and Richard Boyle the 1^st Earl of Cork. Inchiquin Castle was the residence of the owners of the Manor of Inchiquin which included Youghal, Kinsalebeg and Inchiquin. The castle was located a couple of miles outside Youghal in the direction of Killeagh and the ruins of the castle still exist.

In 1583, almost fifty years after the death of Thomas FitzGerald, the Desmond rebellion ended in a defeat of the then 15^th Earl of Desmond Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald. The greater part of the Desmond estates across Munster were confiscated by the crown including of course the Manor of Inchiquin. About 42,000 acres around Youghal and the Blackwater River were given to Walter Raleigh and this area included Inchiquin Castle but not Kinsalebeg which became the property of Sir Nicholas Walsh. The Countess of Desmond was still resident in the castle in 1583 even though she would have been well over a hundred years old at this point – indeed 1583 would have been around the 100^th anniversary of her marriage to Thomas FitzGerald. Walter Raleigh did not expect the Old Countess to live too much longer but this formidable woman had no intention of moving on any time soon. When he was imprisoned in the Tower of London from 1603 to 1616 Walter Raleigh wrote a book which he pompously titled the History of the World. In this book he comments that he knew the old Countess of Desmond and he described her as follows:

“I myself knew the old Countess of Desmond of Inchiquin, in Munster, who lived in the year 1589 and many years since; who was married in Edward IV’s time, and held jointure from all the Earls of Desmond since then, and that this is true of all the noblemen and gentlemen of Munster can witness”.

This confirmed that Walter Raleigh was familiar with the old Countess and she would have been around 125 years old in the year 1589. Raleigh indicated that she was married in the reign of Edward IV which was between 1442 and 1483 – this was well over a hundred years before the 1589 year that he mentioned. In the event the old Countess of Desmond apparently outlived Walter Raleigh’s period in Ireland. In 1602 Raleigh sold his Irish estate including Inchiquin Castle to Sir Richard Boyle 1^st Earl of Cork and at this point the Countess was still hale and hearty by all accounts. Compassion was an alien emotion to Richard Boyle and he instituted eviction proceedings against the Countess who would have been around 138 years old at that time. According to legend the inexaustible Countess of Desmond set out for London in 1604 to present a petition to King James I for the protection of her rights to the tenancy of Inchiquin Castle. She set sail by boat to Bristol and walked to London accompanied by her 94 year old invalid daughter who followed her in a hand cart. Unfortunately Catherine FitzGerald, the old Countess of Desmond, died shortly after her return to Ireland later in 1604 when she would have been around 140 years old. The legend continues that she did not die in bed but as the consequence of falling from a ladder as she was picking the fruit of a cherry tree. The Countess of Desmond was buried with her husband in the Franciscan Friary at Youghal. The reputed age of the Countess of Desmond sounds incredible and borders on the unbelievable but the history of the Desmonds is well chronicled. When all the known facts and events from that time period are taken into account they certainly point to the probability that the old Countess of Desmond lived to a great age. The conjecture and debate about the very long life of the Old Countess of Desmond also extends to her portraits. We include images of two portraits here which are alleged to be of the Old Countess but not everyone is in agreement about their authenticity.

The above image is actually an engraving of a portrait of Katherine, Countess of Desmond which was done by Nathaniel Grogan of Cork in 1806.

This image is of a portrait of the Countess of Desmond which belongs to the Collection of the Earls of Grandison at Dromana House on the banks of the Blackwater River in Waterford. The original picture was painted on an oak panel sometime in the late 16^th century. There are some questions regarding the authenticity of the portraits of the Countess of Desmond.

James FitzMaurice FitzGerald 12^th Earl of Desmond (=> 1540):

James Fitzmaurice FitzGerald acceded as 12^th Earl of Desmond in 1534 on the death of his grandfather, Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald. He was son of Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald, who died in 1529, and Shela McCarthy. He married Mary MacCarthy who was a daughter of his grand-uncle Cormac Og MacCarthy. He was known as James “The Court Page” FitzMaurice FitzFitzGerald as a result of the period in his youth which he spent at the Court of Windsor as a hostage to ensure the “good behaviour” of his grandfather. When his grandfather died in 1534 King Henry VIII released him as a hostage and returned him to Ireland accompanied by a number of fully fitted and armed ships. This was primarily due to the fact that his inheritance as 12^th Earl of Desmond was disputed by other members of the family including his grand-uncle Sir John FitzGerald as they no doubt assumed that his period in exile would not have had a good effect on him. Sir John FitzGerald became in effect the 13^th Earl but he died in 1536. James “The Court Page” did not survive much longer as he was murdered at Leacansgail in Kerry on 19^th March 1540 by his cousin Maurice “An Toiteain” FitzGerald. Maurice was a son of the above mentioned Sir John FitzGerald who had disputed the inheritance of James “The Court Page” and who had in effect taken over the running of the Desmond estate until his death.

John FitzThomas FitzGerald 13^th Earl of Desmond (=> 1536):

John FitzThomas FitzGerald was a son of Thomas FitzJames FitzGerald,7^th Earl of Desmond, and Maud Mor O’Brien. He was also a brother of James (8^th Earl), Maurice Bacach (9^th Earl) and Thomas (11^th Earl). He had effectively become the 13^th Earl of Desmond while the 12^th Earl was still alive as there was a dispute about the 12^th Earl “The Court Page” inheriting the title. John FitzThomas FitzGerald effectively acceded to the title 13^th Earl at the same time as James acceded to the 12^th Earl title. John FitzThomas FitzGerald died in 1536 so effectively only held the title of Earl of Desmond for two years. His son Maurice “An Toiteain” FitzGerald shortened the reign of his cousin the 12^th Earl of Desmond by murdering him in Leacansgail Kerry in 1540. The 12^th and 13^th Earls of Desmond were succeeded by James FitzJohn FitzGerald as 14^th Earl of Desmond. He was a son of John FitzThomas FitzGerald the 13^th Earl and a brother of Maurice “An Toiteain” FitzGerald who had murdered the previous Earl in 1540.

James FitzJohn FitzGerald 14^th Earl of Desmond (=> 1558):

 James FitzJohn FitzGerald was a son of John FitzThomas FitzGerald 13^th Earl of Desmond and Ellice Barry. He acceded to the title Earl of Desmond in either 1536 after the death of his father or in 1540 after the murder of his cousin James Fitzmaurice FitzGerald 12^th Earl of Desmond. As outlined earlier his father really took over the running of the Desmond inheritance after the death of the 11^th Earl in 1534. James therefore in effect probably took over the Desmond estates in 1536 when his father died but became “undisputed” heavyweight champion of Desmond and the title 14^th Earl of Desmond in 1540 when his brother Maurice “An Toiteain” murdered the 12^th Earl. They had an elegant if rather unfortunate way of solving serious disputes in the old days! James FitzJohn FitgGerald married four times. His first marriage was to Joan Roche who was a daughter of Maurice Roche Lord Fermoy. Joan Roche was in fact a grand niece of James and the marriage was later annulled for that reason. He secondly married Mor O’Cearbhaill who was a daughter of Sir Maolrony McShane O’Carroll, Lord of Ely O’Carroll. He thirdly married Catherine Butler daughter of Piers Butler 8^th Earl of Ormond. He finally married Evelyn Mor McCarthy who was a daughter of Donald McCarthy Mor. He was known in English circles as the “Traitor Earl” in view of the way he acceded to the title. There was a resultant uneasy relationship between the 14^th Earl and the English establishment and their supporters.

 In 1539 together with the O’Neills he was in armed conflict with the English crown and his old enemy the Ormonds. He was defeated by Viscount Thurles and his castle at Lough Gur was seized.  James visited England in 1542 and was successful in an application to Henry VIII to have his property returned to him. He was appointed Lord Treasurer of Ireland by King Edward VI in 1547 on the death of the Earl of Ormond.  He had established a reasonable working relationship with the quarrelsome Anthony St. Leger who was at that time the Lord Deputy of Ireland. However he was not trusted by Sir Edward Bellingham, the next Lord Deputy of Ireland, who arrested and imprisoned him in 1548. He was eventually released and continued in office as Lord Treasurer during the reign of Queen Mary. The 14^th Earl of Desmond died in Askeaton on 27^th October 1558 after a serious illness and was buried in the White Friars Abbey in Tralee. He was succeeded as 15^th Earl of Desmond by Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald who was a son of his marriage to Mor O’Cearbhaill (O’Carroll).

Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald 15^th Earl of Desmond (c1533 => 1583):

 Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald 15^th Earl of Desmond was a son of James FitzJohn FitzGerald, the 14^th Earl, and his second wife Mor O’Cearbhaill (O’Carroll) daughter of Sir Maolrony O’Carroll. He was really the last Earl of Desmond to have a connection with land ownership in the East Cork and West Waterford area. The massive Desmond land holdings were decimated area during his lifetime by the land confiscations resulting from the Desmond rebellions. He spent a period in England from 1541 onwards as a “guest” of King Henry VIII and received part of his education in England. This was part of an arrangement between the 14^th Earl of Desmond, James FitzJohn FitzGerald, and King Henry VIII in 1541. One of the conditions of the agreement was that James would send his son to England ostensibly to be a companion of Edward who was a son and heir of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and who was four years younger than Gerald. Edward was 4 years old in 1641 and Gerald was 8 years old. It was of course a useful arrangement for Henry VIII as Gerald could be viewed as a sort of “hostage” to ensure that the Desmonds were kept under control in Munster but events transpired to change this arrangement.

King Henry VIII died in 1547 and Edward succeeded him as King Edward VI at the tender age of ten years old but Edward himself died at the age of sixteen in 1553. Gerard FitzJames FitzGerald succeeded as 15^th Earl of Desmond in 1558 at the age of twenty-five on the death of his father James. The eighteen year old Gerald had married the much older and twice married Joan FitzGerald in 1551 and the marriage brought some additional complications to the traditional hostility between the Desmonds and the Ormonds. Joan FitzGerald was a daughter of James FitzGerald the 10^thEarl of Desmond and had a very interesting life up to this point. She initially married James Butler 9^th Earl of Ormond who died in London on 28^th October 1546 as a result of being poisoned. Their son, Thomas Butler, subsequently became the 10^th Earl of Ormond. Joan Butler nee Fitzgerald then wanted to marry Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald who was her cousin and heir to the Earl of Desmond. However, the marriage plans ran into problems as it was felt in certain quarters that uniting the Desmond and Ormond Irish factions would be a dangerous development.

Joan was instead induced to marry an Englishman, Sir Francis Bryan, who became Lord Chief Justice of Ireland during the reign of Henry VIII. Francis Bryan was by all accounts a fairly devious character who maintained the support of King Henry VIII by frequently modifying his opinions to ensure they matched those of the hot headed Henry. His lack of effort to prevent the beheading of his cousin Anne Boleyn, when she hit marriage problems with her husband Henry VIII, earned Bryan the nickname “The Vicar of Hell”. The one-eyed Francis Bryan, he lost an eye in a jousting accident, was by all account a womaniser but he met his match in the formidable Joan Fitzgerald. When Francis Bryan was dying in Clonmel his wife Joan was apparently out hunting with her cousin Gerald FitzGerald whom she had planned to marry some years earlier. She did eventually marry Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald in 1551 after the death of Francis Bryan and Gerald of course became the 15^th Earl of Desmond in 1558 as outlined above.

Joan FitzGerald had uniquely simultaneously held the title of Countess of Ormond and Countess of Desmond as well as having been wife of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Joan’s third marriage to Gerald FitzGerald resulted in a period of peace between the Ormonds and the Desmonds and this was also helped by Joan’s friendship with Queen Elizabeth I. At this point Joan’s son, Thomas Butler, was the 10^th Earl of Ormond and her husband Gerald FitzGerald was of course the 13^th Earl of Desmond – it must have made for some interesting discussions and arguments over the breakfast table in the mornings! Despite Joan FitzGerald’s best efforts the peace between Ormonds and Desmonds eventually broke down and the normal hostile relationship was restored. The following decades were a period of much conflict in Munster. Gerard was summoned to London by Queen Elizabeth I but declined to go on the basis that he was too busy with his ongoing battles with the Ormonds and his own uncle Maurice. He eventually did go to London but his attitude was not to the liking of the Queen’s privy council who were more used to subservient visitors arriving with cap in hand.  They decided to throw Gerard in the Tower of London for insolence as they perceived it. His wife Joan made direct representations to Queen Elizabeth to have him released and he was eventually released in 1564 shortly before Joan died. Gerald felt that the death of Joan finally released him from any obligation to the Ormonds, particularly to Joan’s son who was at that point the 10^th Earl of Ormond and had a close relationship with Queen Elizabeth I.  

The increased hostilities between the Desmonds and the Ormonds led to a major battle between the two warring dynasties in Affane Co Waterford in 1565 in defiance of Queen Elizabeth.  The Ormonds were successful in the Battle at Affane and the Desmond leader Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald was captured. The Ormonds and Desmonds leaders were summoned by Queen Elizabeth and were bound to the peace but Gerald and his brother, John FitzMaurice FitzGerald, were temporarily locked up in Tower of London whereas the Earl of Ormond was pardoned and released. This was a serious blow to the Desmonds as not only was Gerald the Earl of Desmond out of commission but probably more seriously his brother John, who was the acknowledged military leader of the Desmonds, was now also in the Tower of London. James FitzMaurice FitzGerald, a cousin of Gerald, had in the meantime taken up the mantle as leader of the Desmonds and had pulled together a group of Catholic leaders to assist the Desmonds in their struggle with both the English forces and the Ormond dynasty. The Ormonds were steadfast in their support of the royal family and equally steadfast in their opposition to Irish Catholic forces such as the Desmonds. The leader of the Ormonds in this period was Thomas Butler 10^th Earl of Ormond who was known as “Black Tom” as a result of quelling a rebellion against Queen Mary by Sir Thomas Wyatt. Wyatt was known as “White Tom” and Thomas Butler picked up his nickname as a result of defeating Wyatt. The Desmond Rebellions were spread over two separate periods starting with the 1569-1573 rebellion and culminating with the 1579-1583 rebellion. Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald and his brother John were released during the hostilities on the basis that they might be able to bring some stability to the situation. James FitzMaurice FitzGerald was killed in an encounter with the Burkes of Clanwilliam in 1579 and John FitzJames FitzGerald again assumed military leadership of the Desmonds but he himself was killed in 1582.

Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald, the 15^th Earl of Desmond, was declared a traitor and a ransom put on his head after the attack and sacking of the ports of Youghal and Kinsale. The Desmond attack on Youghal went on for five days with burning, plundering and devastation of buildings and walls including those built by the Desmond ancestors in previous centuries when they founded Youghal.  Gerald went into hiding in the mountains of Kerry with a small band of supporters but was hunted down and killed near Tralee by the local O’Moriarty clan who received a thousand pounds in silver as a reward. The head of Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald was sent to Queen Elizabeth and his body was put on display on the walls of Cork. This effectively ended the Desmond Rebellions and also effectively ended the Desmond dynasty as the Desmond lands were confiscated and the lands shared out amongst mainly English settlers. The big winner after the Desmond rebellions was obviously the Ormond dynasty who now had undisputed control in Munster. Walter Raleigh was one of the military leaders to receive a large tract of land after the Desmond rebellions with most of this land in the East Cork area. Raleigh obtained some land in West Waterford including Ardmore area which was later confiscated from him by Sir John Dowdall of Pilltown Manor.

Sir Nicholas Walsh Senior of Pilltown obtained most of the land in the Kinsalebeg area in this period and it remained in Walsh ownership until around 1725. Walter Raleigh had been involved as a captain during the Desmond Rebellions and had a leading role in the massacre of troops at Smerwick near Dingle which took place during the rebellion. The details of the Desmond rebellions are well known and we will not cover the details of them here other than to state that it was one of the bloodiest periods in Irish history and Munster was left devastated as a result. The scorched earth policy resulted in widespread famine and the immense distress was compounded by the outbreak of a plague. It was estimated that around one third of the population of Munster were either killed or died as a result of famine or plague during this period. The poet Edmund Spenser of The Faerie Queen fame described the scene in Munster after the Desmond rebellions in harrowing terms. Spenser was an advocate of the scorched earth policy so that the Irish might be driven to the necessity of devouring one another. Spenser was granted a large estate in county Cork by Queen Elizabeth I based around Kilcolman Castle in the parish of Doneraile but had close links with Youghal and Walter Raleigh so we can assume that the following devastating description from Spenser’s A View of the State of Ireland⁴ would have mirrored the situation around Youghal & Kinsalebeg in this period:

“Notwithstanding that the same was a most rich and beautiful country, full of corn and cattle, yet, ere one year and a half, they [the people] are brought to such wretchedness as that any stony heart would rue the same. Out of every corner of the woods and glens they came creeping forth upon their hands, for their legs could not bear them; they looked anatomies of death; they spake like ghosts crying out of their graves. They did eat the dead carrion, happy were they who could find them,  yea, and one another soon after; insomuch as the very carcases they spared not to scrape out of the graves, and if they found a plot of watercresses or shamrocks, there they flocked as to a feast for the time, yet not able to continue there withal; that in short space there was none almost left, and a most populous and plentiful country suddenly left void of man and beast.”

The Desmond lands, as we have outlined, were confiscated after the Desmond rebellions and allocated to various English settlers and soldiers.  We will focus on ownership of the land in the West Waterford and East Cork area which was largely given to Sir Walter Raleigh after the rebellions. Whereas Raleigh received most of the land on the banks of the River Blackwater as it headed towards Youghal but it is understood that some land on the east side of the Blackwater remained with the Desmonds including probably Ardsallagh. 

Walter Raleigh (c 1552-1616):

We now come to the relatively brief period which Walter Raleigh spent in Ireland. The period he spent in Youghal would have roughly approximated with that of Sir Nicholas Walsh Senior in Pilltown who we will cover later. We can assume that they were acquainted with each other even though we have no records of any interaction between them. They were both beneficiaries of the re-distribution of the vast Desmond estates after the rebellion but the Raleigh estates in the Waterford area were generally on the west side of the Blackwater River with the exception of some land in Ardmore, whereas the Walsh land was mainly on the east of the river commencing around Kinsalebeg. The only likely involvement Walter Raleigh had in the Kinsalebeg area was the probable control of the ferry between Ferrypoint and Youghal. We include brief details of him here if only to describe one of the noisy neigbours we had to contend with over the centuries. He joins a troublesome group which would have included the Vikings, the Normans, Broghill, Spenser and Cromwell to mention just a few. It was often difficult to get a good night’s sleep with all the commotion!

Walter Raleigh has a somewhat romantic and colourful image in many of the references to him in Irish history. He is usually mentioned in the context of having introduced potatoes and tobacco to Europe.  Both of these “facts” have long since been disputed and it is probably safe to say that they are both untrue as the Spanish were certainly familiar with tobacco and potatoes before Walter Raleigh primarily as a result of their South American invasions. However what is not in doubt is that Walter Raleigh hated the Irish and Irish Catholics in particular and never wavered from this position during his period in Ireland. He shared this attitude with his colleague Edmund Spenser who is primarily known for his poem The Faerie Queen and who was a periodic colleague of Raleigh in Youghal where he reputedly wrote part of the poem. Spenser was if anything even more vitriolic in his hatred of the Irish as some his other writings clearly display. On a wider context Walter Raleigh was a soldier and adventurer in a time when sending raiding ships to foreign countries, attacking the natives and returning with whatever valuables that soldiers could lay their hands on was described as “adventuring”.  This was all done with the benevolent best wishes of the incumbent king or queen who eagerly awaited the return of the “adventurers” laden with exotic treasures.

Walter Raleigh came to Ireland initially as a soldier in the latter half of the 16^th century and was involved in the suppression of the Desmond rebellions. Captain Walter Raleigh played a leading role in the massacre during the Siege of Smerwick in 1580 and his actions in this engagement is probably a truer reflection of the real rather than the romantic image of Walter Raleigh that is sometimes presented. Smerwick Harbour or Cuan Ard na Caithne is located near Ballyferriter in county Kerry. In July 1579 James FitzMaurice FitzGerald, a cousin of Gerald FitzJames FitzGerald 15^th Earl of Desmond,  landed a small Papal sponsored invasion force in Kerry and this was a trigger for the start of the last phase of the Desmond Rebellions covering the period 1579 to 1583. James FitzMaurice FitzGerald himself was killed in August 1579 in Clanwilliam but the following year in September 1580 another Papal force of around 600 Spanish and Italian soldiers landed in Smerwick close to where James Fitzmaurice FitzGerald had landed the previous year. The papal force was sponsored by Pope Gregory XIII and was led by Sebastiano di San Giuseppi. The Desmonds made an unsuccessful attempt to link up with the invasion force which was attacked by the armies of Lord Deputy Grey and the Earl of Ormond forcing the invasion force to retreat to the Dún an Óir fort near Smerwick. The invasion force surrendered after a three day siege on the agreement that their lives would be spared. However over the next few days all the soldiers in the invasion force were brutally massacred in an operation led by the then Captain Walter Raleigh and a Captain Mackworth. One of the punishments recorded was the breaking of soldier’s arms and legs in three places by an ironsmith and leaving them in that state for a day before they were hanged or beheaded. The field where the soldiers’ heads were thrown is known as Gort na gCeann (The Field of the Heads). The poet Edmund Spenser who was secretary to Lord Deputy Grey at the time was also believed to have been present at the massacre. There is no doubt that Walter Raleigh had an able teacher in brutality in Humphrey Gilbert who was his half-brother as they had the same mother. The Eton educated Gilbert was a military commander of the English forces in Munster in the earlier phase of the Desmond rebellions. He was involved in at least one particular violent campaign in the Cork and Kerry area in which men, women and children were massacred as he went from castle to castle and area to area. The following is a description from that time of the policy he implemented to deter rebel supporters and outlines how the heads of those killed lined the pathway to his tent. We will not “translate” the text as it is reasonably clear and the cold ruthlessness of the policy comes across in stark terms when the statement is extracted from the actual written description of those involved at the time all those centuries ago:

“The heddes of all those (of what sort soever thei were) which were killed in the daie, should be cutte off from their bodies and brought to the place where he incamped at night, and should there bee laied on the ground by eche side of the waie ledying into his owne tente so that none could come into his tente for any cause but commonly he muste passe through a lane of heddes which he used ad terrorem.... [It no doubt brought] greate terrour to the people when thei sawe the heddes of their dedde fathers, brothers, children, kindsfolke, and freinds…”

Walter Raleigh no doubt learned too well from his half-brother Humphrey Gilbert and later implemented some of his barbarous methods in the massacre at Smerwick. The stories about Raleigh’s barbarity spread quickly in Ireland which was no doubt part of his strategy to alarm the native Irish. Smerwick was by no means a unique occurrence and in the following years Raleigh was involved in a number of equally barbaric military actions in Ireland. A leading British Raleigh scholar named Robert Lacey described Raleigh’s Irish campaign in his book Sir Walter Raleigh⁵ in the following terms:

“When he went to the jungles of South America, Walter Raleigh was to treat the naked and hostile indigenous people of the Guiana swamps with more respect and kindness than he ever showed the Irish”.

Margaret Irwin in her book “The Great Lucifer – A Potrait of Sir Walter Raleigh⁶” wonders aloud as to why Raleigh’s name is not treated with the same horror in Ireland as that of Cromwell. She comments that:

“Raleigh’s cruelty, swift and relentless, has left no such shuddering horror round his name in Ireland as that of Cromwell in the next century”.

There is no doubt that the romantic image of Walter Raleigh as a pipe smoking adventurer needs to be replaced with a more realistic image of a violent and sadistic mercenary who hated the Irish and Irish Catholics in particular and who showed no mercy or compassion in any of his dealings with the Irish.

The reward for Walter Raleigh for his efforts during the Desmond rebellions was over 40,000 acres of land mainly in the East Cork and West Waterford area. One of the conditions by which the new landlords received confiscated lands was that no Irish should be allowed to remain on the land and that they should be replaced by tenants of English birth. Raleigh was not a great landlord by all accounts and had great difficulty in getting any English settlers to move into his estates. This was not due to any lack of intention or effort on Raleigh’s part who described himself in a 1588 lease document as:

“one of the principal undertakers with Her Majesty for the repeopling of the land in the counties of Cork and Waterford”.

Raleigh had spent almost a decade trying to remove the Irish from their lands in conjunction with colleagues such as George Carew and General Zouch. He was not particular about the methods used to achieve this and in the words of Hennesy in his biography of Walter Raleigh²⁰ :

“Though the sword and the halter were freely used, the other two weapons for clearing the country, famine and emigration, were not neglected.”

According to Raleigh’s own contemporaries:

“they starved to death 30,000 in six months in the province of Munster by destroying the crops”.

The term “depeopling” was the rather inadequate word used by Raleigh at the time to describe the “removal” of the native Irish from their lands. In modern day terminology the activities would be more closely described under the headings of “genocide” and “ethnic cleansing”.

Walter Raleigh was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1585 and he became Mayor of Youghal from 1588 to 1589. Queen Elizabeth I locked Raleigh and his wife up in the Tower of London in 1591 when she found out that he had secretly married one of her ladies-in-waiting, Elizabeth Throckmorton, without the queen’s permission. In 1594 Walter Raleigh set off on one of his most ambitious trips to South America in an attempt to find the mythical “City of Gold”. He not surprisingly did not find it but this did not deter him from writing what could be best described as a highly exaggerated account of his trip which was later to become the basis for the legend of El Dorado. In the meantime his Irish estates were in severe decline due no doubt to his frequent absences and the fact that there was no one “minding the shop” around Youghal when Raleigh was sailing the high seas. Raleigh was eventually forced to sell his estate in Ireland due to his financial difficulties and he sold his enormous 40,000 acre estate to Richard Boyle, 1^st Earl of Cork, in 1602 for the paltry sum of around sixteen hundred pounds. He was again locked up in the Tower of London in 1603 shortly after the death of Queen Elizabeth I as he had been involved in a plot against King James I who had succeeded the queen. He was eventually released in 1616 so that he could lead another expedition force to find the still elusive “City of Gold”. Raleigh’s expedition had no better luck second time round in trying to locate El Dorado but unfortunately in the process his expedition force managed to destroy a Spanish outpost in South America much to the obvious annoyance of King Philip of Spain. Walter Raleigh returned to England in 1616 after his second failed trip to South America and on the request of the Spanish ambassador he was arrested and tried for treason. Raleigh was convicted of treason and on the orders of King James I he was beheaded in the Palace Yard on the 29^th October 1618 and his head mounted on a pike in the Palace Yard. Raleigh’s luck had finally run out and it was ironic that the Spanish played a role in his execution bearing in mind his treatment of the Spanish in Smerwick almost forty years earlier. As the old proverb goes “what goes around comes around”.

Walshs of Pilltown (c 1540 => 1720)

Walshs of Pilltown (Landowners in Kinsalebeg) Genealogy:

The following family tree gives summary details of the descendants of the Walshs of Pilltown with the heirs to the Walsh estates highlighted. The lives of the various heirs to the Pilltown estate are given below and this summary indicates where each of the heirs was situated in the family tree. The number to the left of the name indicates the generation and the plus (+) sign indicates the spouse of the preceding name. This is not a complete listing of the various branches of the Walsh of Pilltown family and is mainly to illustrate the main hereditary line.

Example of Thomas Walsh:  Thomas Walsh (Generation 4) (1624-1670) was a son and heir of Sir Nicholas Walsh Jnr (Generation 3) and Mary Colclough. He married Eleanor Power and their children (Generation 5) were John, Nicholas, Captain Robert, James, Captain Valentine, Mary, Catherine etc.

..... 1   James Walsh Title: Mayor of Waterford

........... 2  Sir  Nicholas Walsh Snr (1540 - 1615) b: Abt. 1540, d: 12 Apr 1615.

...........   + (1) Catherine Comerford + (2) Jacquet Colclough (1555 - ) b: 15 Sep 1555, m: c 1580

................. 3 Sir Nicholas Walsh Jnr (1590 - 1643) b: Abt. 1590 in Pilltown or Ballycarrigmore Co Waterford, d: 1643 in Dungarvan Co Waterford

.................   + Mary Colclough b: Tinterne Abbey, Wexford, m: Aft. 1607

....................... 4 Thomas Walsh Senior (1624 - 1670) b: 1624 in Pilltown or Ballycarrigmore Co Waterford, d: 05 May 1670

.......................   + Eleanor Power (1626 - ) b: 1626, m: Abt. 1645

............................. 5 John Walsh (1653 - 1690) b: Aft. 1653 in Pilltown Co Waterford, d: 1690 in Cove of Cork aka Queenstown or Cobh

.............................   + Helen Power Title: Lady

............................. 5   Nicholas Walsh (1653 - 1685) b: c 1653 in Pilltown Co Waterford, d: c 1685

............................. 5   Colonel Robert Walsh (1653 - 1713) b: Aft. 1653 in Pilltown Co Waterford, d: 1713 in Clonmel Co Tipperary, Title: Colonel

.............................   + Mary Butler ( - 1724) m: Abt. 1690, d: 10 Jun 1724 in Clonmel Co Tipperary

................................... 6   Thomas Walsh Jnr (1692 - 1750) b: Abt. 1692, d: Abt. 1750

...................................   + Catherine FitzGerald m: 1718 in Youghal Co Cork

......................................... 7 Colonel Robert Walsh (1722 - 1788) b: Abt. 1722, d: 1788 in Bath

......................................... 7   William Stewart Walsh

................................... 6   Pierce Walsh

................................... 6   Robert Walsh

................................... 6   George Walsh

................................... 6   Elizabeth Walsh

................................... 6   Ellen Walsh

............................. 5   James Walsh

............................. 5   Captain Valentine Walsh (1653 - ) b: Aft. 1653 in Pilltown Co Waterford.

.............................   + Ellen Walshnee

................................... 6   James Walsh

................................... 6   Nicholas Walsh

......................................... 7   James Walsh

................................... 6   Valentine Walsh

...................................   + Mary Graney

......................................... 7   George Walsh

......................................... 7   Catherine Walsh

................................... 6   Robert Walsh

................................... 6   Ellen Walsh

................................... 6   Catherine Walsh

............................. 5   Mary Walsh (1645 - ) b: Abt. 1645

.............................   + Morgan Kavanagh b: Borris Co Carlow

.............................   + Derby Long

................................... 6   John Long

...................................   + Sister of Lord Cahir

............................. 5   Catherine Walsh (1648 - ) b: Abt. 1648

.............................   + John Warren b: Carlow

................................... 6   Thomas Warren Title: Colonel in the German Service

................................... 6   James Warren Title: Captain in the English Service

............................. 5   Ruth Walsh (1650 - ) b: Abt. 1650

.............................   + Councillor Kennedy b: Pill Lane Dublin

................................... 6   Colonel Kennedy Title: Colonel of the Holland Service

............................. 5   Ellen Walsh (1652 - ) b: Abt. 1652

............................. 5   Margaret Walsh

.............................   + Thomas Cantwell

............................. 5   Joan Walsh

.............................   + William Sweetman Title: baron of Erley

................................... 6   John Sweetman

................................... 6   Edward Sweetman

................................... 6   Piers Sweetman

................................... 6   Francis Sweetman

................................... 6   Nicholas Sweetman

....................... 4   Pierce Walsh

....................... 4   Adam Walsh (1636 - ) b: Abt. 1636

....................... 4   James Walsh (1625 - ) b: Abt. 1625

....................... 4   Mary Walsh

.......................   + Mr Nugent

....................... 4   Martha Walsh

.......................   + Thomas Sherlock

....................... 4   Catherine Walsh (1630 - ) b: Abt. 1630

.......................   + Mr Kennedy

................. 3   Ellen Walsh (1572 - ) b: Abt. 1572

...........   + Jacquet Colclough (1555 - ) b: 15 Sep 1555, m: Abt. 1580

........... 2   Ellen Walsh (1572 - ) b: Abt. 1572

Sir Nicholas Walsh Senior (c 1540 => 1615):

We have outlined in our Walsh of Pilltown history the details of the lifelong relationship between Sir Nicholas Walsh and Thomas Butler who was the current Earl of Ormond and more commonly known as “Black Tom” Butler. This relationship had survived through the difficult period of the Desmond v Ormond hostilities at the latter end of the 16^th century. These hostilities culminated in the defeat of the FitzGeralds of Desmond and the breakup of the massive Desmond land holdings in Munster. The Walsh & Oemond relationship continued into the equally difficult early 17^th century with the introduction of the Penal Laws and eventually leading up to the Cromwellian invasion and subsequent land confiscations. The relationship continued because it was mutually beneficial to both parties and Sir Nicholas Walsh provided an important legal and administrative ally to the Ormonds, particularly in their battle with the Desmonds in Munster. The reputation and influence of Sir Nicholas Walsh in government and legal circles ensured that the Earl of Ormond had a good ally in high places. It was through this close friendship with “Black Tom” Butler in particular that Nicholas Walsh obtained most of his land holdings in the Munster area and particularly in Kinsalebeg where over 3300 acres of land came into ownership of Sir Nicholas Walsh in the period around 1600. The Ormond Papers⁷ contain further details on some of these land ownership changes involving the Ormond & Walsh families. The manuscripts are held in the National Library in Dublin and the following are brief NLI descriptions of some of these documents involving land transfers between the Ormond family and Sir Nicholas Walsh:

Ormond Papers manuscript D.3330:

“Feoffment by Earl of Ormonde and others to Sir N. Walshe and others of manors, lands, etc in Kilkenny, Tipperary and Waterford, Sept. 7, 1603.”

Ormond Papers manuscript D.3385:

“Deed of feoffment by the Earl of Ormonde to Sir Nicholas Walsh and others of the manors, lordships, etc. in the Grenagh, Co. Kilkenny and other places, to hold to the use of the Earl of Ormonde and his wife, March 28, 1605.”

Ormond Papers manuscript D.3566:

”Inspeximir of a deed of March 19, 1604, by which the Earl of Ormonde and his feoffes conveyed lands in several counties to Sir N. Walsh and others to the use of the Earl with remainder to Visct. Tullowphelim, Feb. 26, 1614.”

Ormond Papers manuscript D.3535:

“Confirmation of a fine of Feb. 2, 1605, to debar Ellen Countess of Ormonde from her dower in certain estates, Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary and leix and grant them to Sir N. Walsh, and others, to hold to the use of the Earl of Ormonde, Sept. 8, 1614.”

Sir Nicholas Walsh Junior (1615 => 1643):

The Civil Survey of 1654-1656 gives details of landholdings in various parts of Ireland at that time. This was the period after the 1641-1649 rebellion and Cromwell’s Irish invasion with all the subsequent land confiscations, land reallocations and expulsions.  The Civil Survey lists the various land holdings of Sir Nicholas Walsh Junior (described as Sir Nicholas Welsh of Ballykeroge Kt Ir. Papist deceased) in Waterford which was primarily in the parishes of Kinsalebeg (3307 acres), Ardmore (280 acres), Clashmore (300 acres), Stradbally (770 acres) and Killrossanty (862 acres). He also of course had substantial land holdings and property outside of Waterford. The total indicated land holding of Nicholas Walsh in Waterford as indicated by the Civil Survey of 1654-56 was therefore just over five thousand five hundred acres.  Nicholas Walsh is recorded as the proprietor of all the land indicated but a note following each Kinsalebeg townland entry for Nicholas Walsh indicates that “the land is in the possession of the Earl of Cork by virtue of an old mortgage and lease”. It would appear therefore that the land was owned by the Walsh family but they were leasing it to the Earl of Cork. Nicholas Walsh Snr had died in 1615 and Sir Nicholas Walsh Jun also died during the 1641 rebellion in 1643 during the attack on Dungarvan. Thomas Walsh, son of Sir Nicholas Walsh Junior, who married Eleanor Power daughter of John Lord Power of Curraghmore would have been the natural heir of Sir Nicholas Walsh Jun and would therefore have been in possession of the indicated land in the period of the survey. The following is a breakdown of the Waterford land in possession of Sir Nicholas Walsh (deceased) on a townland basis at the time of the Civil Survey of 1654-1655. The parish and townland spellings are as per the original Civil Survey and are generally self explanatory but we have indicated current townland names in brackets in some cases where it might be confusing:

Civil Survey (1654=>1656):

Walsh Land in Kinsalebeg, Ardmore, Clashmore & Stradbally (c 1654):

Parish of Kinsalebeg (3307 acres):

Monetory [Monatray] 900 acres; Newtowne [Newtown] 168 acres; Piltowne [Pilltown] 190 acres; Rath 253 acres; Glistenan [Glistenane] 148 acres; Kilmeedy 300 acres; Dromgallane [Drumgullane] 300 acres; Knockebracke [Knockbrack] 140 acres; Lackendarry [Lackendarra] 66 acres; Kilmaloo 300 acres; DLoughtan [D’Loughtane] 214 acres and Kilgabriell 328 acres.

The only land in Kinsalebeg not owned by Nicholas Walsh in 1654-1656 according to the survey was 203 acres in Ballyheeny owned by Gerrot [Gerald] FitzGerald of Dromany [Dromana].

Parish of Ardmore (280 acres):

Croshea [Crushea] 180 acres and Garranaspucke (Garranaspic) 100 acres. Note: Over the centuries Garranaspic has periodically moved between Kinsalebeg and Ardmore.

Parish of Clashmore (300 acres):

Currimore & Clashmore 300 acres.

Parish of Stradbally (770 acres):

Islandbogg 190 acres; Ballyvoile [Ballyvoyle] 300 acres; Durrow & Sanacoole [Shanacoole] 120 acres; Knockedromlea [Knockdrumlea] 80 acres; and Millerstowne 80 acres.

Parish of Killrossinta [Kilrossanty] (1002 acres):

Ballykerogmore [Ballykeroge] 306 acres, Ballynevogy [Ballynevoga] 256 acres, Glandallagan [Glendalligan] 300 acres and Gort Ivicarry [Gortavicary] 140 acres.

The Walsh family had castles in Pilltown (Kinsalebeg) and Ballykeeroge (Kilrossanty) and references to the Walshs typically mention either one or both of the names eg Sir Nicholas Walsh of Pilltown and Ballykeeroge. However most of the land owned by the Walsh family in Waterford was in the Kinsalebeg area. The survey reference to the Walsh land in Pilltown has a note stating “upon which standeth an old battered Castle with a large bawne, good habitation and a mill worth £10 by ye yeare”. It is apparent from this note that Pilltown Castle had taken a bit of a battering during the 1641 rebellion but what is equally interesting is that there was a mill in Pilltown in 1654-1656 which would have been almost one hundred and fifty years before the presence of the Fisher milling business in that area in the 19^th century.

Lisgenan (Grange) Landholdings in Civil Survey (c 1654):

One hundred and ten acres (110) in Ballyquin were owned by Sir Peter Aylward of Fattleg [Faithlegg] who was described as a deceased Irish Papist Knight. The remaining land in Grange was owned by:

Gerrot [Gerald] FitzGerald of Dromany [Dromana] as follows: Grange 4 plowlands and one and a half plowlands in Ardmore parish (1300 acres), Knocknageragh (230 acres), Ballygangaden (170 acres), Ballylean (140 acres), Ballyshonikins (720 acres), Rushins and Ballyguine (480 acres), Grelagh (700 acres), Ballyellinan (220 acres) and Adergauall (100 acres).

Clashmore landholdings in 1654-1656 Civil Survey:

The bulk of the land in Clashmore was owned by Gerrot FitzGerald of Dromana as follows: Craggs, Knockanearish, Shanniballymore, Abbarta and Coolebagh (1200 acres), the two Ballycarrans [Ballycurrane] (700 acres), Raheene (140 acres), Ardsallagh, Tenybiny [Tinnabinna], Shanakoole [Shanacoole] & Ballyncrompane [Ballycrompane] (1030 acres). The remaining Clashmore land was in the possession of the following:

Walter Mansfield who owned land in Ballynemultinagh [Ballinamultina] (650 acres) and who was described as an Irish Papist transplanted;

John McBrien and John Butler of BallyClashy (120 acres) described as a gentleman Irish Papist transplanted;

Nicholas Stoute of Grange who owned land in Parkefoyle (7 acres) and described as a gentleman English Protestant (this is probably Pillpark area as it was often included historically in Clashmore parish and was described in this survey as bounded on the east by Pilltown, on the south by the sea and on the north by Shanacoole);

Richard Earl of Corke [Cork] owned land in Moneduffe (7 acres) – this land was described as a bog bounded on the east by Newtown, on the south by the sea and on the north by Pilltown;

Sir Nicholas Walsh as outlined above owned land in the Currimore and Clashmore area [300 acres] – this presumably included the village of Clashmore itself.

Ardmore landholdings in 1654-1656 civil survey:

Gerrot FitzGerald of Dromana was the largest landholder in Ardmore at the time of this survey with 1650 acres. Other landowners in Ardmore included:

 Philip Row of Hackettstowne owned 1150 acres;

Sir Nicholas Walsh had 280 acres in Crushea and Garranaspucke [Garranaspick] which was included in Ardmore parish;

Richard Earle of Cork [Richard Boyle] had 170 acres in Disartt [Dysert];

Robert Merninge of Ardmore had 40 acres in what was described as Merningsland;

Pierce Power of Ballygarran had 7 acres in Farrangarrott;

William Kyrren of Killnokane had 200 acres in Newtowne;

James FitzGerald of Ardogenna had 280 acres in Ardogenna [Ardoginna].

Post 1641 Kinsalebeg Landholdings ( => 1641):

The landlords and land ownership in the Kinsalebeg area from 1600 to around 1720 is covered elsewhere in the history of the Walshs of Pilltown. We will replicate some of these land ownership details here for completeness. The Walshs of Pilltown had been heavily involved in the 1641 rebellion and some of them had been killed during the rebellion including Sir Nicholas Walsh Junior and his son James Walsh. As a result of their activities as so called “rebels” on the Irish Catholic Confederate side of the rebellion the land ownership of the Walshs of Pilltown & Ballykeerogue came under severe pressure in the period after the 1641 rebellion. This was a period of land confiscations, forfeitures and expulsion to Connaught for many Confederate land owners. The Boyle family had taken over the Walter Raleigh estate in 1602 but the ownership of this 40,000 acre estate did not deter them from trying to take over additional land and property bordering their vast estate including the Walsh land around Kinsalebeg. Their hatred of Catholics or anyone else who was involved on the Confederate side of the 1641 rebellion gave them a ready excuse for attempting to take over additional territory. The Boyles already had a foothold in Kinsalebeg as they were already leasing a large amount of land in the Kinsalebeg area according to the Civil Survey of 1654. The Civil Survey indicates that most of Kinsalebeg land was in the titled ownership of the “Sir Nicholas Welsh of Ballykeroge Knight Irish Papist deceased” but it also states that most of the land was “in the possession of the Earle of Cork [Boyles] by virtue of an old mortgage and lease etc”. The Boyles were sub-leasing the land and claiming rent from the tenants but were presumably not recompensing the Walsh family. Additionally Sir John Dowdall Jnr had sold his lease of the Manor of Pilltown to Richard Boyle Earl of Cork in 1620. The Manor of Pilltown belonged to the Walshs of Pilltown and had leased it to Sir John Dowdall Snr in the lifetime of Sir Nicholas Walsh Snr around 1590.

Thomas Walsh Senior (1643 => 1670):

            Thomas Walsh Snr, son of Sir Nicholas Walsh Jnr and heir to the Walsh of Pilltown estate, took over the Walsh estate at an extremely difficult time in 1643. The 1641 rebellion had commenced a few years earlier and would continue to devastate the country for another six years. Thomas Walsh Snr was only nineteen years old when his father, Sir Nicholas Walsh Jnr, was killed in an attack on Dungarvan in 1643 at an early stage in the rebellion. Thomas was also to lose his brother James who was also killed during the rebellion. The sons of Sir Richard Boyle 1^st Earl of Cork, namely Lords Broghill, Kinalmeaky and Dungarvan were waging war on the Irish Catholic Confederates and of course their bases in Youghal and Lismore meant they were on the doorstep of the Walshs of Pilltown. The Boyles and Broghill in particular were great favourites of Cromwell when he invaded Ireland in 1649. This close association would have posed serious difficulties for Thomas Walsh in Pilltown as his land and residence would have been visible to Cromwell from his winter residence in Youghal in 1649.

In later years one of the Earl of Cork’s sons, Roger Boyle or Lord Broghill as he was known, tried to blackmail Thomas Walsh of Pilltown into giving him land in Kinsalebeg. He threatened to bring him to court on a treason charge for the Walsh family involvement in drawing up the alleged “forged commission” from King Charles I. This “forged commission” was used as a reason for Irish Confederate involvement in the 1641 rebellion. Broghill was not successful in getting Thomas Walsh to cede him land in Kinsalebeg on foot of his threat and indeed Broghill himself was later brought before a House of Commons inquiry to explain his blackmail threat. Further details of the alleged “forged commission” are covered under the Walsh of Pilltown history.

The difficulties of Thomas Walsh did not of course finish with the end of the rebellion in 1649. The decades following the rebellion involved trials, imprisonment, executions, land confiscations and transplantations for those on the Irish Catholic Confederate side of the rebellion. The Walshs of course had been actively involved in the rebellion and their names appeared in dozens of witness statements which implicated members of the Walsh family in dozens of raids on farms, people and property throughout the rebellion. The outlook for Thomas Walsh and the extended Walsh family therefore looked pretty bleak in the period after the 1641 rebellion and it looked extremely probable that they would lose their land and property.

Thomas Walsh Snr of Pilltown was called before an Inquisition of Enquiry in 1653 to explain the involvement of his family in the 1641-1649 rebellion. The Inquisition of Enquiry was established by the Parliamentary administration in order to investigate the alleged activities of those involved on the Catholic Confederate side of the rebellion and to determine penalties. He was called before the Parliamentary Commissioners in Clonmel to defend the accusations against the Walshs. Thomas Walsh submitted a detailed description of his family, estates, crops, tenants and farm animals to the inquisition which we have included in detail in the Walsh history. It is an interesting social document and indicates for example that there were around 167 servants and tenants on the Walsh estates.

Amongst the “evidence” brought against the Walshs were witness statements from what were known as the 1641 Depositions⁸. These witness statements or depositions had been gathered by a Parliamentarian commission established by the Court of Justice in 1652. The depositions were primarily collected from Protestant English settlers and were intended to be used as a mechanism for victims of crime to claim compensation for alleged losses during the rebellion. They were also intended to be used as criminal evidence against those named in the witness statements and as the Walshs of Pilltown were regularly named this did not augur well for Thomas Walsh in 1653. The depositions gave details of robberies, murders and various other crimes which the witnesses alleged had been committed against them during the rebellion. The veracity of the witness statements has been the subject of much disagreement both in the 17^th century and later as they were very much viewed as being from one side of the conflict only. In addition the “compensation” aspect of the witness statements tended to ensure that the claims of witnesses were on the “high side” which was of course not helpful to those who were accused of the crimes.

However all was not doom and gloom in the inquiry as the Walsh family was nothing if not resilient and the family had also built up an extremely influential group of friends and relations over the decades. This had started with the strong legal and political links of Thomas Walsh’s grandfather, Sir Nicholas Walsh Snr, and his close relationship with the Ormond and Comerford families. Thomas Walsh himself had married Eleanor Power, who was a daughter of the powerful Lord John Power 5^th Baron le Poer of Curraghmore and a sister of Richard Power Earl of Tyrone. Catherine Power, a sister of Eleanor Power, married John FitzGerald of Dromana and was grandmother to John FitzGerald 1^st Earl of Grandison. The close family Walsh connections to the Powers of Curraghmore and the FitzGeralds of Dromana were to prove very helpful to Thomas Walsh and his family in this difficult period. Thomas Walsh managed to hold on to his estate after the inquiry. Land was indeed forfeited from the Walshs on a few occasions in later years but they always seemed to avoid actual dispossession and many of the confiscation decisions were either overthrown or apparently not carried out. Thomas Walsh did however have to declare himself a Protestant in 1657 in order to avoid possible land confiscation.

The land holdings of Thomas Walsh, which he had inherited from his father and grandfather, remained virtually unchanged when the dust of the post 1641 rebellion period eventually settled down. Therefore when Thomas Walsh died in 1670 he was able to pass on his land and property inheritance to his eldest son and heir John Walsh. This inheritance included around three and a half thousand acres of land in Kinsalebeg. Thomas Walsh Snr died before the conclusion of the House of Commons impeachment of Roger Boyle aka Broghill who was now known as Lord Orrery. The impeachment charges included one concerning the blackmail of Thomas Walsh but in the event Broghill escaped any real censure. His main defense seemed to revolve around his advancing years and poor health.

John Walsh (1670 => 1690):

The death of Thomas Walsh in 1670 meant we were now into the fourth generation of the Walshs family as the major landowners in the Kinsalebeg area. John Walsh was the eldest son of Thomas Walsh and succeeded his father as owner of substantial landholdings mainly in Waterford and Kilkenny. John Walsh and his mother Ellen Walsh nee Power were immediately embroiled in an inquisition held in Waterford in 1670. The inquisition concerned quit rent debts allegedly owed by the Walshs for land they owned in Waterford and Kilkenny. Quit rents were a form of land tax payable to government or local authorities. It was stated that the Walshs owed around four hundred pounds in quit rent for 11,992 acres of land in Waterford and 1,573 acres of land in Kilkenny. The inquisition therefore gave a verification of the landholdings of the Walshs of Pilltown as around thirteen thousand five hundred acres in 1670 between the above two counties.

The inquisition detailed the location of the land and it included the townlands of Monatray, Rath, Knockbrack, Glistenane, Lackendarra, Drumgullane, Kilmeedy, Kilmaloo, Kilgabriel, D’Loughtane, Clashmore, Currymore, Croskea, Ballykerogue, Ballnynevogy, Ballyvoyle, Island, Durren [Durrow?], Shanakeele [Shanakill or Shanacoole?], Knockdrumalea, Milerstowne [Millerstown] and Glendalligan which were all in the Barony of the Decies. Also listed were the townlands of Coolroe, Kiljamis and Whitestowne in the Barony of Upperthird together with a number of townlands in Kilkenny. Ellen & John Walsh claimed relief on the debts and stated that Lady Isabella Smyth was occupying some of their land including Monatray, Ballykerogue, Ballyvoyle, Island, Knockdrumalea etc. Lady Isabella Smyth was the widow of Percy Scott Smyth of Ballynatray. The Walshs also maintained that Sir Thomas Stanley was in possession of Walsh land in Kilkenny. Judge John Bysse ruled in favour of the Walshs and wrote off the outstanding quit rent debts. He also ruled that future quit rent obligations would be suspended until such time as occupation of the land by the Smyths and Stanleys ceased and the land was restored to the Walshs. John Walsh later fought on the Jacobite side in the Jacobite-Williamite succession wars. He was captured and put on a ship with other prisoners who were being shipped to prison in England. The ship was blown up at the start of its journey in what was then known as the Cove of Cork. John Walsh was killed in the explosion together with the other Jacobite prisoners. John Walsh had no issue and his younger brother Nicholas Walsh would have been his natural successor.

Nicholas Walsh (1690 =>):

Nicholas Walsh was the second son of Thomas Walsh Snr and the younger brother of John Walsh who was killed in 1690. He was the third Nicholas in the Walsh family after his grandfather, Sir Nicholas Walsh Junior, and his great grandfather, Sir Nicholas Walsh Senior. He was a lawyer and was the natural heir to the Walsh estate. Nicholas Walsh was killed in a duel in London but it is not clear whether this happened before or after the death of his brother John. We include his name in the Walsh succession list but it is possible that he never actually took over the Walsh estate as he died without issue when he was quite young. He had studied law in London and it is quite likely that the duel took place during that period which would have been before 1690. He would have been succeeded by the third son of Thomas Walsh namely Robert Walsh.

Colonel Robert Walsh (1690 => 1713):

Colonel Robert Walsh was the third son of Thomas Walsh and inherited the Walsh estate when his two elder brothers were killed. He was a Colonel in the Jacobite army of King James II during the Jacobite-Williamite war in the period 1689 to 1691 and fought in the Siege of Limerick with Patrick Sarsfield. Robert Walsh married Mary Butler of the Ormond dynasty about 1690.  She was a daughter of Pierce Butler, 6^th Baron Cahir, and Elizabeth Matthews who was a daughter of Toby Matthews of Thurles. This was a continuation of the close links between the Walshs and the Ormonds which commenced with Robert Walsh’s great grandfather Sir Nicholas Walsh Snr. We have covered the history of Robert Walsh and other members of the Walsh family elsewhere but part of this history has implications for other topics such as landholdings. This means that certain data is duplicated across different parts of Kinsalebeg history.

Colonel Robert Walsh survived the Jacobite-Williamite war and availed of the terms of the Treaty of Limerick in order to retain his estate. He received a pardon for his activities as a leader on the losing Jacobite side of the war. However Robert Walsh had to submit a claim to recover land forfeited by his brother John Walsh who had also been involved in the war up to the time he was killed in Cork. The land forfeitures were no doubt due to an accumulation of rebel activities involving many members of the Walshs of Pilltown from Sir Nicholas Walsh Jnr down to his grand children. In 1691 Robert Walsh submitted a petition to the courts in which he requested retention and recovery of forfeited lands in Kinsalebeg, Stradbally and Killrossanty. The details of the petition and the decision of the courts were listed in a document dated 1^st March 1691 in a publication titled “Theire Majesties Court of Exchequer Inquisitions of Settlement”. The inquiry was led by Thomas Osborne who held the position of Prime Sergeant at Law. The petition stated that Robert Walsh was claiming lands which had rightfully descended to him from his deceased brother John Walsh. Robert Walsh stated that neither himself nor his brother John had ever been indicted or outlawed.  He stated that his petition was covered by the terms of the Articles of Limerick, which were part of the treaty signed after the Siege of Limerick. Robert Walsh’s petition listed the lands affected by the forfeiture and we include the townlands names here with more recent townland names in brackets:

“The Towns and Lands of Ballykeroge, Ballyvoile [Ballyvoyle], Island Habbog [Island Hubbock], Knockdrumback [Knockdrumlea], Durrow, Shanacoole, Ballynevogiregh [Ballynevoga], Glistenane, Kilemeedy [Kilmeedy], Dromgallane [Drumgullane], Killmallow [Kilmaloo], Knockbrack, Lackendarragh [Lackendarra], Killgabriele [Kilgabriel] and D’Laghtane [D’Loughtane] in the Barony of Deacyes [Decies] in the County of Waterford.”

 The petition mentioned that Robert Walsh was claiming for the return of all his estate with the exception of “Fferry Point of Youghall [Ferrypoint]”. James “The Swimmer” Roch had received a reward of the “ferries of Ireland” from King William for his bravery in the Siege of Derry in 1689 and it is probable that the Ferrypoint to Youghal ferry was one of these ferries, which would be a reason why Ferrypoint was excluded from the petition. The court document outlined that Robert Walsh stated in his submission that his parents, Thomas and Ellen Walsh, had obtained a “Decree of Innocency” when they were still alive. This was a reference to the Act of Settlement after the 1641 rebellion whereby landowners could claim “innocence” for any involvement on the Confederate side of the rebellion. Robert Walsh was claiming that his parents had indeed received a “Decree of Innocency” at that time. The court indicated that a reason for the seizure of the Walsh lands was the absence of the declared owner of the land. The declared owner was John Walsh, brother of Robert, and the court was obviously not aware that John Walsh had been blown up as a Jacobite prisoner in 1690. Robert Walsh apparently did not inform the court of this fact as he would have had some difficulty in explaining the circumstances of his brother’s death as a Jacobite prisoner of war. Ruth Kennedy nee Walsh submitted an affidavit to the court, which gave details of the Walsh family situation and requested that the land should be returned to Robert Walsh. Ruth Kennedy was a sister of Robert Walsh and the wife of Councillor Kennedy of Dublin. The court in the name of John Osborne outlined that:

“it likewise appeared unto him by the Affidavit of Ruth Kennedy that the said Thomas and Ellen are dead and John Welsh theire eldest son is dead since theire Majesties accession to the Crown without issue male of his body and that Nicholas Welsh theire second son dyed about 6 or 7 years since without heires of his body and that the said Robert is the third son of the said Thomas and Ellen it likewise appeared unto him by Certificates frm the Chancellor of the Crown of the Kings Bench that neither the said John or Robert are indicted or outlawed and the said Robert clames the benefit of the Articles of Limerick as Lieutenant Colonel of Foot in the Irish Army att the surrender of the said Citty ...” 

The final decision of the court was as follows:

“The Court declared that he saw no reason why the said Robert Walsh should be hindered from enjoying the said lands and premises excepting Ferrypointe of Youghall”.

Colonel Robert Walsh therefore retained the Walsh lands which he was in danger of losing through forfeiture with the exception of the Ferrypoint. The overall Walsh estate was therefore still fairly well intact in 1691 despite the involvement of the fighting Walshs of Pilltown in every rebellion and military confrontation of the 17^th century. It was a testimony to their extraordinary fighting qualities and resilience that they managed to play their part in confronting oppression whilst at the same time managing to retain their property. They were however to lose a great number of their family and extended family in the various rebellions.

            The list of forfeited lands of John Walsh of Pilltown and Ballykerogue as indicated in the above petiton of Robert Walsh differs somewhat from the list of forfeited lands which appeared in the 1699 Calendar of Treasury Books¹⁰.  The following 1699 listing included a much greater number of townlands including those of Monatray, Rath, Garranaspic, Newtown, Pilltown and Shanacoole which would indicate that most of the Walsh estate was listed for confiscation or forfeiture by the end of the 17^th century:

Source: Calendar of Treasury Books (1697-1698) Vol 13.

Decies Barony: Forfeited lands of John Walsh.

“Ballykeroge 552 acres; Ballyvoyle 266 acres; Ballynevoygigh 354 acres; Gortinvickary 211 acres; Illand Hubbuck 286 acres; Ducroe 66 acres; Shanacoole 102 acres; Knockdrumleagh 151 acres; Glandallylane 432 acres; Pilltowne 291 acres; Rath 203 acres; Garranaspig 126 acres; Newtown 159 acres; the Ferry point of Youghal 50 acres; Monattery [Monatray] 962 acres; Gliffenane [Glistinane] 133 acres; Killenedan 182 acres; Drumgallon [Drumgullane] 355 acres; Killmalloe [Kilmaloo] 338 acres; Knockbrach [Knockbrack] 156 acres; Lackandaragh [Lackendarra] 47 acres; Kilgabriell 431 acres; Dullaghlane [D’Loughtane] 336 acres; Ballyhercon and Moyrath: total yearly value 650li.; quit rents 93li 19s. 6d.; yearly interest of incumbrances 330 li.; clear yearly value 226li 0s. 6d.”

            Colonel Robert Walsh died in 1713 and his property was inherited by his eldest son Thomas Walsh Junior.

Thomas Walsh Junior (1713 => 1720):

The twenty one year old Thomas Walsh succeeded his late father, Colonel Robert Walsh, as head of the Walsh family of Pilltown in 1713. We will refer to him as Thomas Walsh Junior in order to distinguish him from his grandfather Thomas Walsh Senior.  The 17^th century had been a torrid period in Ireland and the Walshs had lost a number of their immediate and extended family members in the various conflicts. They had also been the subject of many attempted land confiscations, transplantations, inquisitions, court cases and land occupations. Nevertheless the Walshs arrived at 1713 with the greater part of their land holdings still intact as we have already noted. This was a reflection on their refusal to be intimidated coupled with the influential position the family had reached with their strong marital and political links to families such as the Colcloughs, Butlers, Powers and FitzGeralds.

The early part of the 18^th century signalled a new phase in the land holdings of the Walshs as they proceeded to dispose of the bulk of their land in the period from 1720 to 1740.  The majority of the land was sold to the Earl of Bandon (Francis Bernard) and the Earl of Grandison (John Villiers). Over 20,000 acres of Walsh land was disposed of by Thomas Walsh in this period including all their land holdings in the Kinsalebeg area. This series of land sales effectively brought to an end the major land holdings of the Walshs of Pilltown in Waterford, Cork, Tipperary and Kilkenny. These land transactions were quite complicated and included a mixture of sales, leases and inter family agreements. The deeds and documents surrounding these tranasactions are long and complex and contain the names of many individuals who were party to the agreements. The large land owners typically held many thousands of acres of land, which they leased to large tenants who in turn often sub-leased to smaller tenants. The deeds surrounding land movements were therefore quite complex as there were many parties affected by a sale. Both the landowner and his tenants were often named when the deeds for land transactions were being drawn up. This was partly to identify precisely the land being transacted but also to identify the various leases and sub-leases which existed on the land.  In some cases these leases and sub-leases would continue in operation after the new landlord took over the land and the same tenants might remain in place.

The first significant Walsh land sale was on the 13^th July 1720 when Thomas Walsh concluded a sale of land in Kinsalebeg and Ballykerogue with Francis Bernard. Francis Bernard was a member of the Bernards of Bandon family who had extensive land holding in Cork. The Walsh name in legal documents is variously spelled as either Walsh or Welsh. We will quote whichever variation of the name is given in the documents but in general terms we will use Walsh as the default spelling. The details of the Bernard involvement in Kinsalebeg are covered in the following section.

Bernard Family & Earls of Bandon (1720 => 1825)

The following genealogy tree highlights the members of the Bernard family of Bandon who had a land involvement in Kinsalebeg in the period from around 1720 onwards. The Bernards had links to both the Smyths of Ballynatray and the Boyles of Lismore. James Bernard, who was to inherit the Bernard estates including Kinsalebeg from his father Judge Francis Bernard, married Esther Smyth who was a daughter of Percy Smyth and Elizabeth Jervois of Ballynatray. Sir Francis Bernard Earl of Bandon, son and heir of the above James Bernard, married Catherine Henrietta Boyle who was a daughter of Richard Boyle 2^nd Earl of Shannon and Catherine Ponsonby. The Bernards were to dispose of some of their Kinsalebeg land to the Smyths of Ballynatray in the 1820s.

Bernards of Bandon (Landowners in Kinsalebeg) Genealogy:

..... 1   Francis Bernard ( - 1690) d: 1690

.....   + Mary Freke m: 05 Dec 1661

........... 2   Judge Francis Bernard (1663 - 1731) b: Abt. 1663, d: 29 Jun 1731 in Dublin.

...........   + Alice Ludlow (1675 - 1741) b: 02 Jul 1675, m: 1697, d: 16 Apr 1741

................. 3 North Ludlow Bernard (1705 - 1768) b: 1705 in Castle Mahon, Bandon Co Cork, d: 15 Apr 1768 in Dublin, Title: Major in 5th Dragoons

.................   + Rose Echlin b: Echlinville Co Down

....................... 4 James Bernard (1729 - 1790) b: 08 Dec 1729 in Castle Bernard, Bandon Co    Cork, d: 07 Jul 1790 in Dublin

.......................   + Esther Smyth ( - 1780) m: 1752, d: 1780

............................. 5 Francis Bernard Earl of Bandon (1755 - 1830) b: 26 Nov 1755 in Bandon.

 d: 26 Nov 1830, Title: Earl of Bandon & Baron Bandon

.............................   + Catherine Henrietta Boyle (1768 - 1815) b: 12 Jan 1768, d: 08 Jul 1815

............................. 5   Charles Bernard (1762 - 1790) b: Dec 1762, d: Bef. 1790

............................. 5   Rose Bernard (1758 - 1810) b: 08 Mar 1758 in Bandon. d: 26 May 1810

.............................   + William Tonson m: 13 Nov 1773.

Title: 1st Baron Riversdale, Lord Riversdale.

.............................   + Captain Millerd Title: Captain 55th Foot

............................. 5   Esther Bernard (1759 - ) b: 17 Mar 1759 in Bandon Co Cork

.............................   + Sampson Stawell b: Kilbrittain, m: 02 Dec 1775

............................. 5   Mary Bernard (1760 - 1825) b: 1760 in Bandon Co Cork, d: 14 Nov 1825

.............................   + Augustus Warren Title: Sir, Bart

............................. 5   Charlotte Bernard ( - 1835) d: 02 Sep 1835

............................. + Hayes St. Ledger (1755 - 1819) b: 1755, m: 03 Sep 1785, d: 1819.

 Title: 2nd Viscount Doneraile

............................. 5   Elizabeth Bernard

.............................   + Richard Acklom b: Wiseton Hall, Nottinghamshire, m: 1785

....................... 4   Charles Bernard b: Bandon Co Cork

....................... 4   Mary Bernard b: Bandon Co Cork

.......................   + Isaac Hewett b: Clancoole, m: 26 Aug 1756 in Ballymodan Church, Bandon.

....................... 4   Eliza Bernard b: Bandon Co Cork

.......................   + Richard Sealy b: Richmond, m: 14 Jan 1766 in Ballymodan Church, Bandon.

.................   + Mary Fitz-William

................. 3 Francis Squire Bernard (1698 - 1783) b: 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon.

d: 19 Mar 1783 in Spring Gardens, England

.................   + Anne Petty

....................... 4   Son1 Bernard

................. 3 Stephen Bernard (1701 - 1757) b: 1701 in Castle Mahon, Bandon Co Cork.

 d: 1757 in Tarbes France. Lived in Prospect Hall for a period,

................. 3   Arthur Bernard (1698 - 1767) b: Aft. 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon. d: 1767

................. 3   William Bernard (1698 - ) b: Aft. 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon Co Cork

................. 3   John Bernard (1698 - ) b: Aft. 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon, Co Cork

................. 3   Elizabeth Bernard (1698 - ) b: Aft. 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon Co Cork

.................   + James Caulfeild Title: 3rd Viscount Charlemont

....................... 4   James Caulfeild Title: 4th Viscount Caulfeild & 1st Earl of Charlemont

.................   + Thomas Adderley b: Innishannon Co Cork

........... 2   Maria Bernard

...........   + Eusebius Chute b: Ballygannon, Co Kerry

...........   + Francis Brewster b: Brewsterfield, Co Kerry

........... 2   Anne Bernard died 1754.

...........   + Robert Foulkes b: Youghal, Co Cork

........... 2   Elizabeth Bernard

...........   + Samuel Wilson b: Little Island, Co Kerry, Title: Rev.

........... 2   Mary Bernard

...........   + Edward Adderley b: Innishannon

........... 2   Arthur Bernard died 1767 in Prospect Hall. Buried Kinsalebeg Church.

...........   + Anne Power

Land Sales from Walshs of Pilltown to Francis Bernard (1720-1730):

            The following is a summary of the key land transactions involving sales of Walsh of Pilltown land to the Earl of Bandon (Francis Bernard) and Earl Grandison (John Villiers) in the period from 1720 to 1730. There were other land transactions in this period but the following are the main transactions whereby Thomas Walsh of Pilltown disposed of the Walsh land to either the Earl of Bandon or the Earl Grandison. We will detail the main transactions and follow this with information on the members of the Bernard and Villiers families who had an involvement in the Kinsalebeg area.

1720 Transaction between Thomas Walsh & Francis Bernard (1720):

            Date: 13^th July 1720

Land Registry Ref: 26/457/16272

Document type: Memorial of certain indentures of lease and release

Parties: Thomas Welsh of Pilltown to Francis Bernard of Dublin

Details: The memorial commences with the wording:

“In memorial of certain indentures of lease and release bearing date respectively the thirteenth and fourteenth days of July 1720 & made between Thomas Welsh of Pilltown in County Waterford and Francis Bernard of the City of Dublin”.

The deed goes on to describe the indenture of release whereby Thomas Welsh receives £2600 from Francis Bernard for the release to him of the following towns, lands, tenements etc:

“Pilltown, Newtown, Rath, Knockbrack, Garranaspick (alias Bishops Grove), Lackindarra [Lackendarra], Glistenane, Drugallane [Drumgullane], Killmeedy [Kilmeedy], Killmaloe [Kilmaloo], Kilgabriell [Kilgabriel], Moneottory’s [Monatray] & Ferrypoint & all that the mannor or reputed mannor of Ballykeroge.”

The memorial outlines a bond of £5200 entered into by Thomas Welsh as a guarantee that the transaction would be completed and the overall document was signed in the presence of Andrew Crotty (Lismore), Francis Woodley (Dublin), Robert Welsh (Lismore) and Thomas Welsh (seal). The term “lease and release” at that time basically meant sale and in later periods the words grant or conveyance would be more common.

Another document of agreement between the Walshs and Francis Bernard was drawn up on the 26^th April 1723 and is summarized as follows:

1723 Agreement between Thomas Walsh Junior & Francis Bernard (1723):

Date: 26^th April 1723

Land registry ref: 37/465/23513

Document type: Memorial of indented articles of agreement

Parties: Thomas Welsh, Mary Welsh and Francis Bernard

Details:  The memorial commences with the wording:

“Memorial of indented articles of agreement made and concluded upon and effected the 26^th April 1723 between Thomas Welsh of Pilltown, … Mary Welsh of Clonmell in Tipperary widow and relict of Robert Welsh of Pilltown deceased, and Francis Bernard of City of Dublin etc”.

The document goes on to outline the grant to convey to Francis Bernard the fee simple & inheritance of all the towns and lands of Kinsalebeg, as outlined in the preceding indenture of sale & release document of 14^th July 1720, except that it has more detail of the particular townlands involved in the sale. It also contains some details of the main tenants on the land and we will list some of these details here as they may be useful genealogical details. It is not clear what happened to the tenants or undertenants after the transfer of ownership from the Walsh family but one would assume that they were allowed to remain on the land as tenants or sub tenants of the Bernards. Up to the end of the 19^th century the bulk of Irish land was owned by big landlords who owned vast tracts of land, which they leased to main tenants and in many cases these main tenants themselves leased part of this land or property to sub tenants or undertenants as they are described here. The Mary Welsh mentioned in the above agreement is the widow of Colonel Robert Walsh and mother of Thomas Walsh Junior.

Townlands mentioned in this memorial are:

Monottory [Monatray]: “Containing by estimation 900 acres of plantation measure be the same more or less part whereof is now held and enjoyed by John Keily or his undertenants & another part held and enjoyed by Richard Power or his undertenants and another part by John White’s widow and another part by Jeremiah Coughlan or his undertenants and another part by John Lucas (?) and his undertenants”.

Ferrypoint: “.. another part commonly called Ferrypoint held and enjoyed by Richard FitzGerald and another part by John McCragh”.

Rath:  “… all that part of the plowland of Rath south west of the road leading from the Ferry of Youghal to the Land of Grange now held and enjoyed by Andrew Crotty”.

Monattory [Monatray again]: “and all other parts and parcells of the lands of Monattory and Ferrypoint except only that small parcel thereof now in tenure and possession of Florence Carthy Gent by lease of six pounds.” It would appear that the only part of Monatray not transferred to the Bernards was a piece of land which was occupied by Florence Carthy. This piece of land was still held by the Walsh family and leased to Florence Carthy or else the land was owned by Florence Carthy. Florence Carthy appears quite regularly in land transaction documents in Kinsalebeg and obviously had considerable local status.

Newtown: “.. also the towns and lands of Newtown now held and enjoyed by the said Florence Carthy and George Keane or his undertenants”.

Kilmeedy, Drumgullane and Lackindarra [Lackendarra]: “… now held and enjoyed by Nicholas Power”.

There is a reference to a twenty year purchase and clear rent, which seems to indicate a possible purchase price of £1500 or twenty times the annual rent but details are unclear.

1723 Transaction between Walshs & Francis Bernard (1723):

Date: 14^th December 1723

Land Registry Ref: 41/132/24994

Document type: Memorial of indented article of agreement

Parties: Thomas Welsh, Pierce Welsh, Robert Welsh of Pilltown and Francis Bernard of Dublin

Details: The memorial commences with the wording:

“A memorial of indented articles of agreement made concluded and agreed upon the 14^th December 1723 between Thomas Welsh of Pilltown of the 1^st part, Pierce Welsh & Robert Welsh two of the brothers of Thomas Welsh of the 2^nd part and Francis Bernard of the City of Dublin of the 3^rd part”.

This agreement between the Welsh and Bernard families is just another step in the overall sale of the Walsh land to the Bernards. The details of townlands are similar to the agreement of the 26^th April 1723, but this version includes in the agreement the names of a number of other Welsh family members in addition to Thomas Welsh. These additional Walshs were to become beneficiaries in the transaction. Pierce (Peirce) and Robert Welsh, brothers of Thomas, are parties to the agreement and the document also refers to:

 “George Welsh, Elizabeth Welsh, Helen Welsh brothers and sisters of Thomas Welsh, Katherine Welsh his now wife and Mary Welsh mother of Thomas Welsh and also Peirce and Robert Welsh”.

The agreement essentially seems to be trying to ensure that all members of the Welsh/Walsh family are party to the agreement and benefit in some way from it. There are some minor changes to the place names where Monatray is variously spelt as Monottery, Monoclerys and Monotterie and the land size is stated to be 900 acres. The primary tenants in Monatray are now named as John Kiely, Nicholas Power, Jeremy Coughlan, Richard FitzGerald, Jasper Lucas, Andrew Crotty, the widow of John White, John McCragh & Florence McCarthy.  It outlines that Florence McCarthy and George Keane are primary tenants in Newtown and Florence McCarthy was also a main tenant in Pilltown; Andrew Crotty was a primary tenant in Rath and part of Monatray; Nicholas Power was the primary tenant in Kilmeedy, Drumgullane and Lackendarra. The agreement goes on to stipulate that on the execution of the deed Pierce & Robert Welsh, brothers of Thomas Welsh, were to receive 300 pounds each from the sale price. In addition Thomas Welsh’s other siblings namely George, Elizabeth and Helen Welsh were to receive 300 pounds each when they reached the age of 21 years. This money was to be deposited into a kind of trust and the interest from this was to be used towards the maintenance of George, Elizabeth and Helen until they reached twenty one years of age. The agreement was signed by Thomas Welsh, Pierce Welsh, Robert Welsh and Francis Bernard and was witnessed by Francis Woodley.

The next transaction between the Walshs of Pilltown and Francis Bernard took place on the 14^th July 1724 and details are as follows:

1724 Transaction between Thomas Walsh & Francis Bernard (1724):

Date: 14^th/15^th July 1724

Land Registry Ref: 40/426/26636

Document type: Memorial of deeds of lease and release

Parties: Thomas, Peirce (Pierce), Robert Welsh and Francis Bernard, Wm. Westbury

Details: This is the final of the four main documents in this sequence covering the sale of Walsh land in Kinsalebeg to the Bernards as indicated by the document description as “A memorial of deeds of lease and release”.

The agreement is between the three Walsh/Welsh brothers and Francis Bernard as before, but now includes the name of a Wm. Westbury of the City of Dublin as a 3^rd party to the agreement. It outlines that the value of the sale to the Welsh brothers as £9940 which is presumably in addition to the £2600 in the first agreement dated 13^th/14^th July 1720 giving a total sale value of £12,540 pounds sterling. It is described as:

“.. Thomas Welsh, Pierce Welsh and Robert Welsh in consideration of the sum of nine thousand, nine hundred and forty pound to them in hand paid by Francis Bernard in pursuance of an agreement therein …”.

The document also outlines the exact acreages of each townland involved in the sale transfer as indicated by the Down Survey land measurements of 1654-1656. The townlands listed are Moneottery als Monoclorie [Monatray] and Ferrypoint (1052 acres), Newtown (159 acres), Rath (103 acres), Kilmeedy als Kilmedy (182 acres), Drumgillane (Drumgullane, 354 acres), Lackenderry (Laclendarra, 46 acres), Knockbrack (156 acres), Pilltown (20 acres) and Glistenane (133 acres) with the total acreage involved coming to 2305 acres. In relation to Glistenane it indicates that the agreement does not include the land occupied by a Wm. Coughlan, who has an underlease of 41 years & yearly rent of £20. Neither does it include the land in the tenure or occupation of Florence McCarthy as indicated in earlier agreements. It also indicates that the agreement includes Walsh land in Ballykeroge which was relatively small in comparison with Kinsalebeg. The agreement makes reference to Wm. Ludlow and we will come across the Ludlow name later in the Bernard family history.

We now move on to the first major transaction between Thomas Walsh of Pilltown and the Earl of Grandison which was drawn up on the 16^th July 1724:

1724 Transaction between Thomas Walsh & Earl of Grandison (1724):

Date: 16^th&17^th July 1724

Land Registry Ref: 55/160/36370

Document type: Memorial of indentures of lease and release

Parties:  Thomas Welsh of Piltown and Rt. Hon. John Earl of Grandison & others

Details: Thomas Walsh had at this point sold a large part of his land in the Kinsalebeg area to Francis Bernard. This document outlines that he then proceeded to transfer most of the remainder of his land holdings in Kinsalebeg and other areas to John Villiers otherwises known as the Earl of Grandison.

The document is described as:

“A memorial of indentures of lease & release duly executed & bearing date the sixteenth & seventeenth days of July one thousand seven hundred & twenty four the lease being bipartite & made between Thomas Welsh of Piltown in the county of Waterford Esquire of the one part & the Rt. Hon. John Earl of Grandison & George Matthew of Thomastown in the county of Tippeary Esq. of the other part …”.

This is a very detailed document which frequently, and confusingly at times, references the earlier land sale transactions between Thomas Welsh of Pilltown and Francis Bernard. The last document in the Welsh to Bernard sale had only been concluded the day before this Welsh to Earl of Grandison document was drawn up. It summarises the Walsh - Bernard sale as follows:

“…for the  sum of nine thousand nine hundred & forty pounds sterling [£9940] sold and conveyed the towns & lands of Monotteryes alias Monotery [Monatray] of Ferrypoint, Rath, Newtown, Kilmedey [Kilmeedy], Drommgallane [Drumgullane], Lackendarra, Knockbrack, Glistenane … to Francis Bernard of the city of Dublin etc”.

 The document goes on to outline a large number of townlands which Thomas Welsh was effectively selling to John Villiers, Earl of Grandison, by means of the indenture of lease and release. This was effectively a procedure whereby the ownership of a property was transferred to a new owner after a period of time. It was a regular method of conveyance up to the 19^th century and would more commonly be known later as a “quit claim”. The townlands listed in this document as being part of the sale to the Earl of Grandison include Garranaspick, Drumgullane, Kilmaloo, Kilgabriel, D’Loughtane and most of these townlands are also included in the Walsh-Bernard sale. We can reasonably conclude that Thomas Welsh was not trying to sell the same land twice and at one point there is a note of clarification regarding the Pilltown lands which states:

“the town and lands of Pilltown except only that part thereof sold & conveyed to the said Francis Bernard”.

The land being sold by the Walsh family to the Earl of Grandison is spread over the three counties of Waterford, Cork and Kilkenny.

The Walsh to Bernard and the Walsh to Earl of Grandison land dealings involved in excess of twelve thousand acres of land and possibly runs closer to fifteen to twenty thousand acres if the land in the townlands indicated was being sold in its entirety. The various deeds do not always indicate the number of acres involved so it is difficult to arrive at an exact acreage. We are however aware from other documents that the Walsh of Pilltown land holdings were in excess of twelve thousand acres. These land holdings were spread over the counties of Waterford, Cork and Kilkenny.

The sale of the above Walsh lands in Kinsalebeg to Francis Bernard and Earl of Grandison and others in the early part of the 18^th century signifies the end of a couple of centuries of Walsh land ownership and major involvement in this area of Waterford. The transfer of a large part of the Kinsalebeg land ownership from Walsh to Bernard & Earl of Grandison signified the start of a period of fairly frequent land ownership changes resulting mainly from marriages and deaths. There were transfers of Walsh Kinsalebeg land to people other than the Francis Bernard in this period but the bulk of the land was transferred to the Bernard family. Some land transactions involved Lincolns, Keilys and Coughlan (Monatray area), Keane (Newtown area) and there were transactions in Pilltown involving Coughlans, Lord Grandison, Radcliff and Lucas.

The Francis Bernard who took over the Walsh land was a member of the famous Bernard family of Bandon in Co. Cork. The Bernards had their ancestral English seat at Acornbank in Westmoreland. Robert Fitz-Bernard accompanied Henry II to Ireland in 1172 and was later entrusted with the government of Waterford and Wexford. Francis Bernard’s grandfather was also Francis Bernard who married Alice Freke of Rathborne Castle and he was Lord of the Manor of Castle Mahon where he resided prior to the 1641 rebellion. Francis Bernard’s father was also named Francis Bernard (died 1690) who married Mary Freke, a daughter of Captain Arthur Freke, and they had six children namely Francis (who bought the Walsh land in Kinsalebeg), Anne (inherited Prospect Hall and married Robert Foulkes), Elizabeth, Mary and Arthur. We will focus on the Francis Bernard who became the next big landowner in Kinsalebeg after the Walshs – there seemed to be Francis Bernard in every generation and in historical documents it is sometimes unclear which Francis Bernard is being referred to but the initial Francis Bernard involved in Kinsalebeg was Judge Francis Bernard (1663-1731). He was born in Cork in 1663, studied law and eventually became a judge. He was Solicitor-General for Ireland in 1711 and had seven children namely Major North Ludlow Bernard, Francis, Stephen, Arthur, William, John and Elizabeth who were all born in Castle Mahon, Bandon Co. Cork. Judge Francis Bernard died in Ballymodan, Bandon on 29^th June 1731. Most of his vast estate went to his son Francis Jun who married Anne Petty, daughter of the Earl of Shelburne who was another large land owner.

The Prospect Hall part of Kinsalebeg was inherited by Anne Bernard, a sister of Francis Bernard, as outlined above. The townland of Prospect Hall did not seem to exist before the Bernards took ownership of a large part of Kinsalebeg in the 1720-1724 period, even though the residence of Prospect Hall did seem to exist before this time. The area now called Prospect Hall was previously part of the townland of Monatray and it appears that it obtained its townland name from the Bernards. There is no mention of a townland called Prospect Hall when the Walshs sold their land in Kinsalebeg to the Bernards in 1720. On the death of Francis Bernard in 1731 part of Monatray was inherited by his sister, Anne Bernard, and this inheritance was called Prospect Hall. The townland of Prospect Hall is the area that sits on top of the hill in Monatray. If you set off from the Turret or the old Lehane house in Ferrypoint, head up the hill towards Monatray and follow the road around to the left you will eventually arrive back at your starting point in Ferrypoint.  The land to your left on the above journey is the Prospect Hall we are referring to even though in later times some of this area may be referred to as Monatray, Woodbine Hill or Mayfield.

The name Prospect Hall never sat comfortably with the inhabitants of Kinsalebeg and is rarely referred to except in official documents. The name itself has no real meaning in historic terms and is described in Patrick Power’s book on Waterford place names as a “Fancy name of the usual meaningless character with no Irish form to correspond. Area, 358 acres”. In a similar fashion the name given to the location of the present Monatray House around this period was the similarly out of character name of Snugborough or Snugboro and this name has quietly disappeared with the passage of time. Anne Bernard married Robert Foulkes and when she died in 1754 she willed Prospect Hall to her nephew Stephen Bernard, son of Judge Francis Bernard. At this stage the Kinsalebeg land was therefore largely held by the two sons of Judge Francis Bernard namely Stephen (Prospect Hall) and Francis Jun (rest of Kinsalebeg land).

Judge Francis Bernard of Bandon (1663 => 1731):

Francis Bernard of Bandon was the initial member of the Bernard family who purchased land in the Kinsalebeg parish of County Waterford. The following notes on Judge Francis Bernard are derived from a number of sources including The History of Bandon by George Bennett¹¹.

Francis Bernard was born at Castle Mahon, Bandon Co Cork in 1663, the son of Francis Bernard and Mary Freke, and died on 29^th June 1731 in Dublin. Castle Mahon was the original fortress of the O'Mahony clan and was said to have been originally built during the reign of King John. Francis Bernard studied the classics and before he entered Trinity College he went to live with his sister Elizabeth in Kerry and studied there under Elizabeth's husband Dr Wilson. He entered Trinity College Dublin on 30th April 1679 and had the Rev. Samuel Foley as his tutor. He obtained his A.B. degree and having completed his studies as a law student was eventually called to the Bar.

Francis Bernard became recorder of Clonakilty on 7th September 1692 when he was only twenty nine years of age. He replaced the previous incumbent Richard Cox who went on to become Lord Chancellor of Ireland two years later. He succeeded John Dowdall as recorder in Kinsale and at a later stage he became recorder for the city of Bristol in England. A recorder was originally a person with legal knowledge appointed by the mayor and aldermen to maintain a record of the proceedings of courts and other key events - in some cases a recorder also acted as a judge or magistrate with jurisdiction over criminal and civil offences in the city or borough. Francis Bernard had just been appointed recorder of Clonakilty Co Cork when he, together with Colonel Percy Freke, were put forward and elected by the town as MPs for the next Irish Parliament which was to commence in October 1692. In October 1693 he was sworn-in as a free burgess for the town of Bandon and in the same year was elected to represent Bandon as an MP in the forthcoming Dublin Parliament together with a Mr Riggs of Riggsdale. He obtained several other civic honours during this period including his appointment as a burgess of Castleconnell in 1690; Bandon in 1693; Belfast in 1700 and Dunleer in 1707. He was also given the freedom of Kilkenny City in 1705 and of Cork City in 1725.

Francis Bernard lived through the turbulent reigns of Catholic King James II and the joint monarchy of the Protestant King William III and his wife Mary II. He was attained and convicted of treason during the reign of King James and his name appeared on a proclamation which stated: "The list of those who are hereby adjudged traitors, convicted and attained of high treason, and shall suffer such painss of death, penalty, and forfeitures respectively, as in cases of high-treasons are accustomed, unless such persons shall deliver themselves up to the 10th of August, 1689". His estates were forfeited at this point together with those of his father and brother. King James II was dethroned in 1689 and King William III and Queen Mary II succeeded to the throne. Another period of conflict followed until King James was defeated by King William in the Battle of the Boyne (1690) and the Battle of Aughrim (1691). The Bernard estates, which had been confiscated during the reign of King James II, were restored to the Bernards during the reign of William and Mary.

Francis Bernard became MP for Bandon in 1695 and married Alice Ludlow, daughter of Stephen Ludlow, in 1697. We are now coming up to a period when a number of forfeited estates were coming up for sale. Some of these forfeitures dated as far back as the post Cromwell period, but other land forfeitures came about as a result of rebellions later in the 17th century, up to the period of the Battles of the Boyne and Aughrim. Francis Bernard was heavily involved in various aspects of the sale of forfeited estates and it was in the period from 1695 to his death in 1731 that he greatly added to the Bernard land holdings. In his various roles as MP, barrister, judge and recorder, coupled with the various family connections, he was in an ideal position to monitor the progress of land sales and to locate suitable purchases for the Bernard family. It is believed that he invested around thirty thousand pounds in land and property at the forfeited lands sales themselves. Subsequent to his purchases in the forfeited land sales he purchased large tracts of land including part of the estates of the Earl of Anglesea in Bantry and Macroom, the Manor of Kilcrea, Manor of Blarney, fishing rights in River Lee etc. In a deed memorial dated 4th April 1708 he purchased land from Hester Gookin, widow of Thomas Gookin. This land purchase included Cork townlands such as Killountain, Gaggin, Currymachane and Brittas. In a memorial dated 18th July 1720 Francis Bernard obtained various townlands in Kinsalebeg Co Waterford from Thomas Welsh (Walsh) of Piltown Co Waterford. This included Kinsalebeg townlands of Piltown, Newtown, Rath, Knockbrack, Garranaspick, Lackendarra, Glistenane, Drumgullane, Kilmeedy, Kilgabriel, Monatray & Ferrypoint. At this stage Judge Francis Bernard was reputed to be the largest land owner in Cork.

Judge Francis Bernard was appointed to the office of Solicitor General for Ireland 1711. He was appointed to the Bench on the death of Charles McCruthers and was appointed as one of the Judges of his Majesty's Court of Common Pleas on 26th June 1726 and continued to sit until two days before his death in 1731. He was highly respected as a lawyer, barrister and judge and appeared in a number of celebrated cases including Lord Limerick v Annesley, Sir Humphry Jarvis v Offley, Bayly v Charles McCarthy etc.

Francis Bernard married Alice Ludlow in 1697. Alice Ludlow was born on 2^nd July 1675 and was the only daughter of Stephen Ludlow Esq who was one of the trustees appointed by William III aka William of Orange to look after forfeitures of rectories, tithes, vicarages, glebes etc resulting from rebellion. Alice Ludlow was a great grand-daughter of Sir Henry Ludlow of Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire. Her father Stephen Ludlow was a brother of Edmund Ludlow who was on the republican or parliamentary side during the English civil war when Charles I was dethroned and beheaded. Cromwell appointed Henry Ireton, his son-in-law, as Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1650 with a brief to carry out Cromwell's policy of forfeiting the Irish of their land and settling the land with English. Edmund Ludlow was appointed second in command to Henry Ireton in Ireland during this campaign. Francis Bernard’s marriage to Alice Ludlow was another useful family connection in the expansion of the Bernard estate, particularly with the involvement of both Stephen and Edmund Ludlow in the area of land forfeitures in Ireland.

Stephen and Edmund Ludlow were sons of Henry Ludlow and grandsons of Sir Henry Ludlow of Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire. Sir Henry Ludlow was married to Letitia West, daughter of Thomas West who was the 6th Lord Delaware. After the restoration of Charles II the Ludlows, who took their name from Castle Ludlow in Shropshire, fled to Switzerland to avoid execution. Alice Bernard nee Ludlow died on 16 Apr 1741.

Francis Bernard died in Dublin on the 29th June 1731 and his remains were brought to Castle Bernard, previously known as Castle Mahon, in Bandon and buried in the family vault in Ballymodan Church. He was succeeded by his son, also Francis Bernard, who was born in 1698. This Francis Bernard aka the Squire Bernard inherited his father's large estates and this would have included the various landholdings of Kinsalebeg Co Waterford. Stephen Bernard was another son of Francis Bernard and a brother of Francis "Squire" Bernard. In 1754 Stephen Bernard inherited the Prospect Hall townland part of Kinsalebeg from his aunt Anne Foulkes nee Bernard who was a sister of Judge Francis Bernard.

Squire Francis Squire Bernard of Bandon (1698 => 1783):

Francis “Squire” Bernard succeeded his father Judge Francis Bernard who died in 1731. He was born in 1698 in Castle Mahon, Bandon, Co Cork and died on 19^th March 1783 in Spring Gardens, England. The following notes on Squire Bernard are extracted mainly from the History of Bandon by George Bennett¹¹ which was published in 1869. Francis Bernard, best known as Squire Bernard, was Judge Bernard's eldest son and heir. He obtained his nickname "Squire" from his elegant appearance which is described as follows by George Bennett:

"Although the Squire lived in an age when every man of wealth and station had an embroidered coat or vest on, wore frills and rich ruffles of Mechlin lace and was decked out with valuable jewels, yet he [Francis Bernard] was conspicuous, in this time, for the costliness of his habiliments, for the lustre of the rubies and garnets which glowed on the hilt of his rapier, and for the size and brilliancy of the diamonds which glistened on his fingers and on his shirt-front and shoe-buckles".

Francis Squire Bernard was elected as MP for Clonakilty in 1725 to replace the deceased Richard Cox and in 1766 he was elected MP for Bandon. In 1722 he married Anne Petty who was a daughter of Henry Petty, 1^st Earl of Shelburne and Arabella Boyle. Arabella Petty nee Boyle was a daughter of Charles Boyle aka 2^nd Baron Clifford and grandaughter of Richard Boyle 2^nd Earl of Cork. The Boyles were large land owners between Lismore Castle and Youghal and were descendants of Richard Boyle 1^st Earl of Cork. Francis Bernard and Anne Petty had one child, a son, who died quite young. Anne Bernard nee Petty died in her thirty-first year shortly after the death of her son.  If the son had survived he would probably have been the largest land owner in the British Isles.  He would have inherited the very extensive estates of his father in Bandon and other parts of Cork together with other scattered land holdings including of course Kinsalebeg in County Waterford. He would also have inherited the vast estates of his grandfather, Lord Shelburne, upon the death of his uncle Lord Dunkerron who had no surviving successor.  The estate of Lord Shelburne alone was reputed to cover one hundred and thirty five square miles. Finally he would have inherited the estates of the Earl of Cork and Burlington.

Francis Squire Bernard made many improvements to the estate at Castle Bernard in Bandon. He planted rows of beech trees which stretched from the western entrance of the estate to the east end of the castle. He enlarged and modernised the castle and when refurbishments had been completed he re-named the entire estate Castle Bernard from the earlier named Castle Mahon. Squire Bernard ran into difficulties with the local population however when he planted two rows of beech trees extending from the refurbished front of the castle to the gates of Ballymodan Church. The people of the town had no problem with the trees planted between the fair-green and Castle Bernard itself, but they took exception to the planting of trees around the fair-green and thereby enclosing what was known as common ground. There was a protracted dispute with strong feelings shown on both sides. The Squire Bernard was eventually forced to concede and he was so annoyed that he uprooted not only the beech trees under dispute but also the beech trees planted at the new eastern entrance. In a further fit of pique he decided to remove himself lock, stock and barrel to England stating that he would never set foot in the country again and true to his word he never came back to Ireland. When he arrived in London he established himself in Spring Gardens and later purchased Bassingbourne Hall in Essex which he extensively rebuilt. He travelled abroad a great deal and visited most of the big cities of Europe. In the process he collected many valuable paintings and other objects of artistic value. He died at his residence in Spring Gardens on 19th March 1783 at the age of eighty five and his body was brought to Lokely Church near Bassingbourne by six of his favourite grey mares. Upon the conclusion of an impressive burial service his costly draped coffin, complete with solid silver mountings and armorial bearings, was laid in a vault in the chancel.

Francis Squire Bernard had no surviving offspring and was succeeded by his nephew James Bernard, son of his brother Major North Ludlow Bernard.

James Bernard of Bandon (1729 =>1790):

James Bernard inherited the family estates on the death of his uncle, Francis "Squire” Bernard, who had no successor when he died in 1783. James Bernard was a son of North Ludlow Bernard who became a major in the 5^th Dragoons. James was born on 8^th December 1729 in Castle Bernard and died on 7^th July 1790 in Dublin. He married Esther (or Hester) Smyth, widow of Major Robert Gookin, and they had seven children namely Francis (who succeeded him), Charles, Rose, Esther, Mary, Charlotte and Elizabeth. Esther Smyth was a daughter of Percy Smyth and Elizabeth Jervois and a sister of William and Anne Smyth. She was co-heiress with William Smyth of the estate of Headborough in West Waterford. Esther Smyth married Major Robert Gookin and they had two children who died young. Waller Gookin died as a child in 1751 and his brother Robert died in an accident at Castle Bernard in 1760 at a young age. Robert had apparently climbed to the top story of King John's tower section of Castle Bernard where bats and swallows used to fly in and out of the windows. He tried to catch or strike one of the swallows coming through the window but lost his balance and fell through the trap-door. He sustained serious injuries and died a few days later. After the death of her first husband Esther Smyth married James Bernard and they had seven children as outlined above. The marriage of James Bernard and Esther Smyth established a link between the Bernard family of Bandon and the Smyth family of Headborough and Monatray. This was a prelude to the later sale transfer of land from the Bernards to the Smyths in the Kinsalebeg area in the early part of the 19^th century.

James Bernard was elected provost of Bandon in 1764 and was re-elected provost in 1768 and 1776. He was elected MP for Bandon in 1783 and was re-elected in 1790. He was the complete opposite in style and personality to his rather flamboyant predecessor Francis “Squire” Bernard. He was mainly concerned with representing the people of Bandon and in improving his large estate. James Bernard died in Dublin on the 7th July 1790 and was interred in Ballymodan Church in Bandon Co Cork. His wife Esther had predeceased him in 1780. The following notes on his death were recorded in A Memoir of James Bernard M.P:

"His body was brought from Dublin, and interred in Ballymodan Church. The account of the expenses is still extant which was furnished for supplying fresh horses at the various stages on the way down, and of the payments made to "keeners", fresh relays of whom met the funeral at specified places, and took the "keen" from the previous lot, who returned to their homes; and in this way the lamentation was kept up unceasingly, day and night, from the moment the coffin was brought out of the house where Mr. Bernard died, until it was entombed in Bandon, a period which in those days, and under the circumstances, must have at least occupied a week, if not more".

The Prospect Hall part of Kinsalebeg was in the ownership of Arthur Bernard until his death in 1767. He had inherited it from his brother Stephen Bernard who in turn had inherited it from his aunt Anne Foulkes nee Bernard, sister of Judge Francis Bernard. It would appear that Prospect Hall was merged into the larger Kinsalebeg estate of the Bernards after the death of Arthur Bernard and was no longer in separate ownership. James Bernard was succeeded by his son Francis Bernard who became Baron Bandon and Earl of Bandon.

Francis Bernard Earl of Bandon (1775 =>1830):

Francis Bernard succeeded his father James Bernard who died in 1790. Francis was born on 26^th January 1755 in Bandon and died on 26^th November 1830. He married Catherine Henrietta Boyle, daughter of Richard Boyle, 2^nd Earl of Shannon, and Catherine Ponsonby. Catherine Henrietta Boyle was born on the 12^th January 1768 and died on the 8^th July 1815. Francis Bernard was a Member of Parliament for Ennis in the Irish House of Commons from 1777 to 1783 and was MP for Bandon from 1783 onwards. He became a peer in 1793 with the title Baron Bandon and became the 1st Earl of Bandon when the title was created in 1800. He entered the House of Lords in 1801 and remained there until his death in 1830. Francis Bernard, Earl of Bandon, was the last of the Bernard family to have any extensive land holdings in Kinsalebeg.  He sold the Kinsalebeg part of his estate to Percy Scott Smyth of Headborough in September 1825. The Bernards had been the biggest landowners in Kinsalebeg for over a hundred years at this stage. Francis Bernard, Earl of Bandon, was succeeded by his son James Bernard the 2^nd Earl but we leave the history of the Bernards at this point as they ended their involvement in the parish of Kinsalebeg Co Waterford in 1825. Castle Bernard, the family home in Bandon, was destroyed as a result of an IRA attack in 1921 and was never rebuilt. The Bernard family later built another home on the estate and this remained in the ownership of Lady Jennifer Bernard until her death in 2010. She was the eldest daughter of the late Air Chief Marshal Percy Bernard who was the 5^th and last Earl of Bandon (1904-1979). When the 5^th Earl died in 1979 all his titles became extinct as he had no male successors.

Anne Foulkes nee Bernard & Prospect Hall (=> 1754):

We move back a little in time to include details of three other members of the Bernard family who were landowners in Kinsalebeg in the 18th century. We are referring to Anne Foulkes nee Bernard, her nephew Stepehen Bernard and Stephen’s brother Arthur Bernard. These three Bernards were successive owners of the Kinsalebeg townland of Prospect Hall in the 18th century. Anne Foulkes nee Bernard was a sister of Judge Francis Bernard who was the the first Bernard land owner in Kinsalebeg when he purchased land from Thomas Walsh Jnr in 1720. Anne Foulkes married Robert Foulkes of Youghal and she inherited the Prospect Hall part of Kinsalebeg from her brother Judge Francis Bernard. Anne Foulkes nee Bernard died in 1754 and left Prospect Hall to her nephew Stephen Bernard.

Stephen Bernard of Prospect Hall and Bandon (1754 => 1757):

Stephen Bernard inherited the townland of Prospect Hall in Kinsalebeg in 1754 following the death of his aunt, Anne Foulkes nee Bernard. Stephen Bernard was a son of Judge Francis Bernard and Alice Ludlow. He was born in 1701 and studied at Trinity College where he obtained a B.A degree in 1721. He went on to become a barrister and was elected to represent Bandon as an MP in 1727. In October 1733 he was appointed as recorder for Kinsale in succession to Mr. Jephson Busteed and he retained this office for many years. Stephen Bernard died in Tarbes, France at the age of fifty six in 1757 so he only had ownership of Prospect Hall for three years. He did not marry and had no descendants. He had by all accounts extensively refurbished the house known as Prospect Hall and apparently used it as his main residence. There was obviously a residence in Prospect Hall prior to Stephen Bernard as there are records of a Major Richard FitzGerald, a witness in the famous Annesley court case, living in Prospect Hall in 1714. Prospect Hall was described by Charles Smith in his 1774 publication The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Waterford¹² as:

 “a handsome seat, with good improvements, made by the late Stephen Bernard Esq.”.

 Smith described the nearby Kinsalebeg Church as follows, and seemed to give a swipe at the quality of land in Ardmore in the process:

“From Ardmore, one begins to descend the hills into the parish of Kinsalebeg, which consists of better land than the other; the church stands almost opposite to the town of Youghal, and though not long since roofed, is going [for want of repair] into decay”.

He went on to describe Clashmore as follows:

“To the north of this parish, on the Blackwater, lies the parish of Clashmore, the lands of which, near the river, are tolerably good, the eastern parts mountainous, but profitable for the feeding of black cattle”.

When Stephen Bernard died in 1757 Prospect Hall apparently passed to his brother Arthur Bernard who died in Prospect Hall in 1767 (will proven 6^th Aug 1767). Arthur Bernard was buried in the nearby Kinsalebeg Church.

Arthur Bernard ( => 1767):

            Arthur Bernard inherited Prospect Hall in 1757 after the death of his brother Stephen. He was a son of Judge Francis Bernard and Alice Ludlow. He took up residence in the house at Prospect Hall and apparently lived there until his death in 1767. His will was proved on the 6^th August 1767 and in his will he requested burial in the nearby Kinsalebeg Church. The executors of the will were his brothers William and Francis Bernard. The main beneficiaries in the will were his brother William and his nephew James Bernard.

The following are details of some lease transactions in the Kinsalebeg area around this period which may be of general interest:

Miscellaneous Kinsalebeg Land Transactions (1788  =>1824):

Lease between Stephen Bernard & Walter Croker (1753):

Date: 8^th April 1753

Land Registry Ref: 159/558/108878

Document type: Memorial of and indenture & deed of lease

Parties: Stephen Bernard and Walter Croker

Details: The memorial commences with the words:

“Memorial of an indenture & deed of lease dated 18^th April 1753 between Stephen Bernard Prospect Hall in Co Waterford and Walter Croker of Monatra [Monatray] reciting that the said Stephen Bernard for the consideration in said lease mentioned did demise and to farm let unto the said Walter Croker all that part and parcel of Monatra [Monatray] heretofore held and lately enjoyed by John FitzGerald according to such means & bounds and no other to the said John FitzGerald lately held and enjoyed the same and also that part and parcel of land commonly called or known by the name Gortavicarry lately held and enjoyed by John FitzGerald all  which said lands and premises are situate lying and being in the parish of Kinsale [Kinsalebeg] barony of Decies within Drum etc … ”.

This lease deed was passing a lease of land owned by Stephen Bernard in Monatray and Gortavicarry (Parish of Kilrossanty) to Walter Croker. The land had previously been leased by a John FitzGerald, presumably from Anne Foulkes nee Bernard who owned the land previously. It is not clear where the lands of Gortavicarry were located other than they were in the parish of Kilrossanty. Anne Foulkes died in 1754 and it appears that this lease arrangement was actually made while she was still alive in 1753 so she may have passed over the running of her land in Prospect Hall & Monatray to Stephen Bernard before she died. The term of the above lease was 31 years commencing on 25^th March 1753.

Lease between James Bernard & Richard Barrett (1788):

Date: 14^th March 1788

Land Registry Ref: 482/193/306229

Document type: Memorial of an indented deed of lease

Parties: James Bernard and Richard Barrett

Details: The memorial commences with the words:

“A memorial of an indented deed bearing the date of 14^th March 1788 whereby James Bernard of Windsor in Cork did demise and set unto Richard Barrett of Snugborough all that & those the lands of Moneatra [Monatray] situate lying and nearby near the Ferry Point opposite Youghal and then tenanted by David Flynn & John Collins or Colbert [name unclear] & Walter Croker etc …”.  

The yearly rent specified was £300 and it mentioned that the James Bernard Jun referenced in the deed was the son of Francis Bernard of Castle Bernard [Bandon]. Snugborough was the address given for Richard Barrett and this refers to the area around what is the present location of Monatray House. The present Monatray House was not built in 1788 but there was obviously another residence in existence there at the time. The name Snugborough was not traditional to the area and was likely introduced by the Bernards or some earlier owners – in any case the name is no longer in common use to describe this part of Monatray. James Bernard Jnr succeeded Francis Squire Bernard in 1783 and at that point he inherited a vast amount of land and property mainly in the Bandon area of Cork but also most of the land of Kinsalebeg.

Lease between Richard Barrett and Mary Roche (1793):

Date: 4^th June 1793

Land Registry Ref: 482/193/306269

Document type: Memorial of an indented deed of lease

Parties: Richard Barrett and Mary Roche

Details: The memorial commences with the words:

“A memorial of an indenture of lease hereby dated 4^th day of June, 1793 (or 1794) made between Richard Barrett of Snugborough and Mary Roche of Woodbine Hill … consideration of £250 pounds … part of the land of Monoeatoro [Monatray] and late of the possession of James Welsh, Edmond Flynn, John Flaherty & Edward Carthy, James Murray, Maurice? Ahern & Michael Keane & Walter Wall bounded on the East by Croker & Hearn & on the West by the lands of James Colbert, Matthew FitzGerald? & Edward Gorman & Edward Murray & on the North by the road leading from the Ferrypoint to Whiting Bay & in the South by the sea, situate in the Barony of Decies within Drum consisting of 292 acres, 3 roods and 20 perches by Survey etc..”  

The above lease document appears to indicate the sub-lease of land & property by Richard Barrett of Snugborough to Mary Roche of Woodbine Hill. Richard Barrett was himself leasing the land from James Bernard of Bandon. It indicates that the lease includes a house occupied by Edmond Flynn which may be the residence that existed at the entrance to Woodbine Hill prior to the present Woodbine Hill house which was built in the first half of the 19^th century. The deed indicates a yearly rent of £360 pounds even though a consideration of £250 is also mentioned in the lease. According to the deed the witnesses also include:

“George Roche Jun son to James Roche late of Odell Lodge and George Roderick son to James Roderick of Summerhill.”

The deed also mentions a Patrick Lawler of Lackendarra and James Welsh of Dublin Apothecary but the context is unclear. Mary Roche nee Walsh nee Cotter was the widow of James Roche of Odell Lodge and had previously been married to Thomas Welsh of Killongford, who was possibly related to the Walshs of Pilltown. The George Roche Jun mentioned in the deed was George Butler Roch, son of James & Mary Roche, who built the present Woodbine Hill house. The change in the spelling of the surname Roche and Roch (without the e) over time is indicative of how it was recorded in various documents and we transcribe the spellings as they appeared at the time.

Release between Charles Kennedy & Richard Ronayne (1824):

The following memorial of an indenture of release between Charles Kennedy and Richard Power Ronayne in December 1824 indicates the apparent transfer of certain lands in D’Loughtane from Charles Edward Kennedy to Richard Power Ronayne:

Date: 22^nd December 1824

Land Registry Ref: 798/356/539091

Document type: Memorial of an indenture of release

Parties: Charles Edward Kennedy of Kilbride Wicklow and Richard Power Ronayne of D’Loughtane

Details: The memorial commences with the following:

“Memorial of an Indenture of Release bearing date 22^nd December 1824 between Charles Edward Kennedy of Kilbride Co Wicklow and Richard Power Ronayne of D’Loughtane in Waterford.  In consideration for sum of £150 by the said Richard Power Ronayne to the said Charles Edward Kennedy in the hand being the consideration for the complete purchase of the absolute estate of Inheritance in fee simple & in the townland etc ...... the town & lands of D’Loughtane being a sub-denomination of the Manor of Piltown the estate of the said Charles Edward Kennedy.”

This transaction seems to indicate the transfer of some of Charles Kennedy’s Manor of Piltown estate to Richard Ronayne. It refers specifically to D’Loughtane as being a part of or a sub-denomination of the Manor of Piltown but there is no indication as to the size of the land involved in the transaction. We would have assumed that the land in D’Loughtane was already in Ronayne ownership at this point. However this transaction seems to throw some doubt on this unless it is referring to a smaller portion of land than would seem to be indicated by the document reference to “the town and lands of D’Loughtane”.

FitzGeralds of Dromana and Descendants

The FitzGeralds, Villiers and Villiers-Stuarts of Dromana owned land in Kinsalebeg and other parts of West Waterford over the centuries. The following is an overview of the members of those families who inherited Dromana and the associated land. The Dromana estate was historically in the FitzGerald family but through marriage came into Villiers ownership and later Villiers-Stuart ownership. The FitzGerald Dromana ancestry goes back to the Earls of Desmond who owned most of the land in Munster until their defeat in the Desmond rebellions around 1583. After the rebellion most of the Desmond land was confiscated but the Dromana estate was left virtually untouched. The Dromana branch of the FitzGeralds really started around in the 15^th century when James FitzGerald, 6^th Earl of Desmond, (7^th Earl in some histories) who died in 1463 left an extensive amount of land around the West Waterford area to his youngest son Gerald FitzGerald. Gerald made his base in Dromana and Dromana Castle became a spectacular cliff top home for generations of FitzGeralds and subsequently Villiers and Villiers-Stuarts. Gerald FitzGerald died around 1600 and he was succeeded by his cousin, Sir John FitzGerald, who died in 1620. Sir John FitzGerald was succeeded by his son, who was also called John but known as John Oge. Sir John Oge died in 1626, which was only six years after taking over Dromana, and he was succeeded by his son Gerald FitzGerald who was sixteen years old at that time. Gerald was later to marry the colourful Mabel Digby of whom more anon.

According to the Civil Survey¹⁶ of 1654-1656 Gerrott fzt Gerrald of Dromanny Esq [Gerald FitzGerald of Dromana], who was described as an “Irish Protestant deceased”, held about 21,500 acres of land in West Waterford at that time. The land was spread over seventeen parishes including Lisgenan (4060 acres), Kinsalebeg (203), Dungarvan (1050), Abbeyside (34), Colligan (660), Affane (800), Rynegonagh (950), Whitechurch (629), Seskinane (1600), Kilmolash (330), Ardmore (1650), Modeligo (820), Aglish (2557), Kilgobinet (700), Clashmore (3070), Stradbally (140) and Fewes (2000). There were other land owners in these parishes so they were not exclusively in the ownership of the FitzGeralds. The FitzGeralds however owned the greater part of the land in the parishes of Aglish, Clashmore, Lisgenan (Grange), Rynegonagh (Ring), Seskinane and Fewes. Land belonging to the FitzGeralds of Dromana in the proximity of Kinsalebeg included some in Ballyheeny, Knocknageragh (Summerhill), Grange, Ardsallagh, Tinnabinna, Ticknock, Shanacoole, Ballycrompane and Coolbagh. Gerald FitzGerald of Dromana is recorded as having 1030 acres in the townlands of Ardsallagh, Tinnabinna, Ticknock, Shanacoole and Ballycrompane. He also had 203 acres in the townland of Ballyheeny and 4060 acres in the parish of Lisgenan [Grange] which included 230 acres in Knocknageragh [Summerhill] bordering Pilltown. Another landowner in Grange at that time was Sir Peter Aylward of Faithlegg who was described in the Civil Survey as “Knight, Irish Papist deceased”. Walter Mansfield held 650 acres in the townland of Ballinamultina and was described as “Irish papist transplanted”. Nicholas Stoute, who was described as an “English Protestant”, held seven acres in Parkefoyle which would have been an old name for the present day townland of Pillpark in Kinsalebeg.

The Walshs of Pilltown were the major landowners in Kinsalebeg in the period of the Civil Survey of 1654 but this was to change in the 1720-1730 period when the Walshs disposed of practically all their land to either the FitzGerald Villiers of Dromana or to the Bernards of Bandon. John FitzGerald Villiers, 1^st Earl Grandison of Dromana, was the first member of the FitzGerald family to purchase additional land in Kinsalebeg in 1724. The following summary genealogy listing highlighs the FitzGerald, Villiers and Villiers-Stuart family members who bought or inherited land in the Kinsalebeg area in the 16^th to 19^th centuries. The numbers to the left of the names indicates the generation and the plus (+) sign indicates the spouse of the preceding individual.

FitzGerald & Villiers-Stuart of Dromana Genealogy:

..... 1  Gerald FitzGerald Lord of Dromana & Decies (1610 - 1643) b: Abt. 1610, d: 1643.

.....  + Mabel Digby (1598 - ) b: Aft. 1598 in Coleshill Warwickshire

........... 2 John FitzGerald (1642 - 1664) b: 01 Feb 1642 in Dromana, Co Waterford.

 d: 01 Mar 1664 in Dromana Villierstown Co Waterford, Title: Sir

...........  + Katherine Power ( - 1660) m: Abt. 1658, d: 22 Aug 1660.

................. 3 Katherine FitzGerald Viscountess Grandison (1660 - 1725)

 b: Abt. Aug 1660 in Dromana, d: 26 Dec 1725.

................. + John Power 2^nd Earl of Tyrone (1665 - 1693) b: Abt. 1665.

     m: 20 May 1673 in Lambeth Chapel. d: 14 Oct 1693.

.................  + Brigadier General Edward FitzGerald Villiers ( - 1693) m: 1677, d: 1693.

....................... 4  Mary FitzGerald Villiers ( - 1725) d: 24 Dec 1725

.......................  + William Steuart ( - 1736) d: 1736, Title: Brigadier General

....................... 4 Harriet FitzGerald Villiers (1680 - 1736) b: Abt. 1680.

d: 21 Oct 1736 in Ville-de-Paris Paris France

.......................  + William Stewart (1650 - 1726) b: Abt. 1650 in Paisley Scotland, d: 03 Jun 1726

.......................  + Robert Pitt

............................. 5  William Pitt Title: 1st Earl of Chatham

....................... 4 John FitzGerald Villiers 1^st Earl Grandison (1692 - 1766) b: 1692.

 d: 14 May 1766, Title: 1st Earl Grandison & 5th Viscount Grandison

.......................  + Francis Cary m: Abt. 1705, Title: Viscount of Falkland

............................. 5  James FitzGerald (1715 - 1732) b: Bef. 1715, d: 12 Dec 1732.

Title: Lord Villiers

............................. + Jane Butler (1710 - 1751) b: Abt. 1710, m: 10 Jul 1728.

 d: 20 Dec 1751 in France, m: 16 Apr 1734

................................... 6  Mary FitzGerald

................................... 6  John FitzGerald

............................. 5 William FitzGerald (1715 - 1739) b: 10 Jan 1715, d: 16 Dec 1739.

Title: Lord Villiers

............................. 5  Anne Villiers ( - 1710) d: Bet. 1710–1711

............................. 5  Elizabeth FitzGerald Countess Grandison ( - 1782) d: 29 May 1782.

.............................  + Aland John Mason ( - 1759) m: 12 Jun 1738, d: 1759, Title: Sir

................................... 6 George Mason Villiers Earl Grandison (1751 - 1800) b: 13 Jul 1751.

 d: 14 Jul 1800.

................................... + Gertrude Seymour-Conway (1750 - 1782) b: 09 Oct 1750.

m: 10 Feb 1774, d: 29 May 1782, Title: Lady

......................................... 7  Gertrude Amelia Villiers ( - 1809) d: 1809

.........................................  + Lord Henry Stuart ( - 1809) m: 1802, d: 1809, Title: Lord

............................................... 8 Henry Villiers-Stuart Baron de Decies (1803 - 1874)

 b: 08 Jun 1803 in London, d: 23 Jan 1874 in Dromana.

...............................................  + Theresia Pauline Ott b: Austria, m: 12 Jan 1826

..................................................... 9 Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart (1827 - 1895)

b: 13 Sep 1827, d: 12 Oct 1895

.....................................................  + Mary Power m: 03 Aug 1865

........................................................... 10 Henry Charles Windsor Villiers-Stuart (1867 - 1908).

 b: 03 Aug 1867, d: 08 Sep 1908

........................................................... 10  Gerald Villiers-Stuart (1869 - ) b: 1869

........................................................... 10  Maurice Villiers-Stuart (1870 - 1932) b: 20 Sep 1870.

d: 1932

........................................................... 10  Horace Villiers-Stuart (1872 - ) b: 08 Dec 1872

........................................................... 10  Mary Villiers-Stuart (1875 - 1926) b: 1875.

 d: 09 Mar 1926

........................................................... 10  Gertrude Gwendoline Villiers-Stuart (1878 - )                                                                            b: 20 Jan 1878

........................................................... 10  Patrick Villiers-Stuart (1879 - ) b: 27 Apr 1879

........................................................... 10  Mary Villiers-Stuart (1881 - 1922) b: 1881.

d: 02 Oct 1922

........................................................... 10  Winifred Frances Villiers-Stuart

.............................  + Charles Montague Halifax m: 15 Feb 1763, Title: Major-Genearl

............................. 5  Katherine Villiers

....................... 4  William FitzGerald Villiers (1686 - ) b: 1686

....................... 4  Katherine FitzGerald Villiers ( - 1726) d: Abt. 1726

.......................  + Major Richard FitzGerald

............................. 5  John FitzGerald ( - 1727) d: Abt. 1727

....................... 4  Elizabeth FitzGerald Villiers

................. + William Steuart (1652 - 1726) b: Abt. 1652, d: 03 Jun 1726, Title: Lieutenant General.

 m: 27 Jan 1726 in Guildhall Hall Chapel London.

...........  + Helen MacCarthy m: Abt. 1662

........... 2  Lettice FitzGerald

...........  + Richard Franklyn Title: Major

................. 3  Richard Franklyn

................. 3  Mary Franklyn

................. 3  Letitia Franklyn

................. 3  Majella or Martha Franklyn

Gerald FitzGerald Lord of Dromana & Decies & Mabel Digby (=> 1643):

Gerald FitzGerald was born in 1610 and succeeded to the Dromana estate at sixteen years of age on the death of his father Sir John Oge, Lord of the Decies & Dromana, who died in 1626. He inherited the title of Lord of the Decies and Dromana and the large Dromana estate outlined earlier. Gerald married Mabel Digby, who was a daughter of Sir Robert Digby and Lettice FitzGerald, 1^st Baroness of Offaly. Their period in Dromana coincided with the 1641 rebellion which was one of the most turbulent periods in Irish history. Historically the FitzGeralds of Desmond had been very much on the Irish Catholic side of the earlier rebellions and indeed had lost practically all their land as a consequence. Gerald FitzGerald was however raised as a Protestant under the guardianship of Sir Edward Villiers and took much of his influences from this upbringing. The nearby Irish Confederate rebel leaders expected the traditional support of the FitzGeralds on the Irish Confederate side of the latest rebellion. Gerard FitzGerald was obviously well aware of the losses incurred by the FitzGeralds in earlier conflicts and decided that discretion was the better part of valour. He threw his support behind the Cromwellian led Parliamentary side of the rebellion. It must have come as a major shock to Gerald that his English born Protestant wife, Mabel Digby, appeared to be sympathetic to the Irish rebel cause despite her husband’s stated support of the Parliamentarians. Lettice FitzGerald, a daughter of Gerald and Mabel, was married to Richard Franklyn who was a Major in Cromwell’s army which made the whole situation even more complicated and dangerous for all involved. The Irish rebel leaders had made a couple of uninvited visits to Dromana in the early stages of the 1641 rebellion in order to try to gain the support of the reluctant Gerald FitzGerald. However the situation took a more serious turn in August 1642 when Mabel Digby invited some of the rebel leaders, including the Powers of Dunhill Castle and the Walshs of Pilltown, to Dromana Castle. The rebel leaders stayed for a couple of days and by all accounts were treated to “beefes, muttons, bread and beere” by the hospitable Mabel. The following month Mabel FitzGerald nee Digby apparently handed over Dromana to the Irish rebels and of course this caused consternation amongs the Parliamentarians. The castle was besieged by a Parliamentary force which included Lords Broghill and Dungarvan of the nearby Lismore Boyle family together with Lord Barrymore. The castle was taken by the Parliamentarians after a protracted siege and a garrison installed to ensure that this important defensive stronghold remained in English hands. Gerald FitzGerald died in 1643 and the Dromana estate was inherited by his son, John FitzGerald, who was only a year old at the time. 

John FitzGerald Lord of the Decies & Dromana (1643 => 1664):

The one year old John FitzGerald inherited Dromana in 1643 on the death of his father and he also inherited the title of Lord of the Decies. The 1641 rebellion was still ongoing at the time and Dromana Castle was recaptured for the Irish Confederates by Lord Castlehaven in 1645. It is probable that the then three year old Dromana owner was caught unawares by the attack and slept through the entire event. The castle was retaken by the English Parliamentary forces after a siege in 1647 led by the notorious Lord Inchiquin aka Murrough O’Brien. Inchiquin had earned the nickname of “Murchadh an dTóiteán” or “Murrough the Burner” after a rampaging slash and burn campaign against the Irish Confederates in Munster during the rebellion. He expelled all the Irish Catholics from Youghal in 1644 with the instructions that they were only allowed to carry as much of their personal property as they could carry on their backs. Inchiquin switched sides later when he came out in support of King Charles II. He was forced into exile to France after the rebellion and in 1656 he became a Roman Catholic thus turning full circle from his initial position. He returned to Ireland in 1663 and, not surprisingly, kept a low profile from that point onwards.

John FitzGerald married Katherine Power, who was a daughter of Lord John Power of Curraghmore and Ruth Pypho. Katherine’s sister, Eleanor Power, was married to Thomas Walsh of the Walshs of Pilltown in Kinsalebeg. Katherine’s brother, Richard Power 1^st Earl of Tyrone, was the heir to the powerful Power/Le Poer Curraghmore estate in Waterford. Katherine FitzGerald nee Power died in 1660 and her husband Sir John FitzGerald MP died in 1664 at twenty two years of age leaving their three year old orphaned daughter Katherine as sole heiress to Dromana. According to the Annals of Youghal¹⁷ the following inscription regarding the FitzGerald family is located in the Collegiate Church Youghal. It is on a plain flat stone immediately before the Communion Table. The inscription reads:

"Here Lieth the body of John FitzGerald of the Decies, who departed this life the first of March, Anno Domino 1662 [1664?]. Also, here lieth the body of Katherine his wife, daughter of the Lord John Power, Barron of Corroghmore in the county of Waterford, who departed this life the 22nd of August, Anno Dom. 1660, who were removed by the Earl of Grandison, their grandson, to his vault in the chancel, in the year 1736. And here also are interred his two daughters the Ladyes Ann and Katherine Villiers. Also his son the Rt. Honble. William Lord Villiers, who dyed the 16th day of December 1739”.

John FitzGerald left the bulk of his estate to Katherine, who was the only child of his marriage to Katherine Power, in his will dated 1662. He also left property, writings etc in the control of Thomas Walsh in trust for his daughter while she was a minor. He also left 2000 pounds to his sister Lettice Franklyn nee FitzGerald and left some property to his 2nd wife Helen Carthy and to his mother Mabel FitzGerald nee Digby. An important factor in the will was the apparent appointment of Thomas Walsh of Pilltown as a guardian for his daughter as it further strengthened the existing family links between the Walsh of Pilltown and FitzGerald of Dromana families - Thomas Walsh was also a witness to the will. The John FitzGerald will of 1662 does not seem to have been proved until 1671 by Katherine FitzGerald.

Note: The date of John FitzGerald's death is generally stated to be the 1st March 1664 but the above tomb inscription states 1662 which may be a transcription error.

Katherine FitzGerald & Edward FitzGerald Villiers (1664 => 1693):

Katherine FitzGerald inherited the entire Dromana estate on the 1^st March 1664 on the death of her father Sir John FitzGerald, Lord of Dromana & Decies. Katherine Fitzgerald was born in 1660 and was just three years old when she inherited Dromana. Her mother died in the year of her birth so Katherine FitzGerald was an orphan at three years of age.  Her mother, Katherine Power, was a daughter of Lord John Power of the powerful Curraghmore De Poer estates in Waterford. Katherine FitzGeralds’s guardian was her uncle Sir Richard Power, heir to the Curraghmore estates. Her father’s will also stated that Thomas Walsh of Pilltown, another uncle of Katherine FitzGerald, was also to be her guardian but he died in 1670 when Katherine was ten years old. Thomas Walsh was married to Eleanor Power who was a sister of Katherine FitzGerald’s mother. Katherine FitzGerald had to grow up quickly but by all accounts was a feisty individual who was well capable of looking after herself.

Katherine’s uncle, Sir Richard Power of Curraghmore, later the Earl of Tyrone, had the bright idea of uniting the powerful Dromana and Curraghmore estates. There was nothing wrong with the idea but the implementation of his plan raised some doubts about his guardianship credentials not to mention his parental responsibilities.  Richard Power arranged a marriage between his own son and future heir, John Power, and Katherine FitzGerald which would have effectively united Dromana & Curraghmore in future years. Katherine’s other guardian Thomas Walsh of Pilltown had died in 1670 and this left Katherine very much exposed to the influence of the Powers. The marriage was carried out in Lambeth Chapel by Gilbert Sheldon, the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the 20^th May 1673 when the groom John Power was eight years of age and his bride Katherine FitzGerald was twelve years old. Katherine FitzGerald was not happy with the arranged marriage which was understandable in the circumstances. It is probable that her eight year old husband showed little interest in the marital or home building side of his duties and was presumably more occupied with football, fishing and climbing trees with an occasional tantrum thrown in. Katherine herself had still not reached the first of her teenage years and was presumably still in the doll’s house phase.

Image: Katherine FitzGerald Lady Grandison. Source: Dromana by Therese Muir Mackenzie.

 In 1677, when she was still only sixteen years old, Katherine eloped with the dashing Brigadier General Edward Villiers. In 1678 she initiated annulment proceedings of her first marriage to John Power, much to the annoyance of her uncle Richard Power who had grown accustomed to the idea of unification of the Curraghmore & Dromana estates. The annulment of the first marriage and the elopement and subsequent second marriage of Katherine to Edward Villiers brought into question the ownership of Dromana. The Powers and their in-laws, the Annesleys, were insisting that it was now Power property. Katherine Villiers nee FitzGerald and her second husband Edward Villiers insisted that it was their property after the annulment of the first marriage. It resulted in a long drawn out and extremely bitter dispute in both the civil and church courts. Katherine Villiers nee FitzGerald was eventually successful in her claim and Dromana now became a Villiers estate thus ending the Power dream of a unified Curraghmore and Dromana dynasty. The following are two pages from the annulment court case in 1678 which confirms the ages of the bride and groom.

Brigadier Villiers was killed in battle in 1693 and his widow Katherine later married Lieutenant General William Steuart (Stewart). John FitzGerald Villiers, eldest son of Brigadier Gen Edward Villiers and Katherine FitzGerald, inherited Dromana when he was one year old on the death of his father in 1693. His mother Katherine was given the title Viscountess Grandison in 1700 but fell into ill health and was later declared insane. She died in 1726 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Image: Brigadier Edward Villiers   Source: Dromana by Therese Muir Mackenzie.

John FitzGerald Villiers 1^st Earl of Grandison (1693 => 1766):

John FitzGerald Villiers was born in 1692 and inherited the large Dromana estate in 1693 on the death of his father. He married Francis Cary (or Carey) who was a daughter of Anthony Cary, 4^th Viscount of Falkland. He was educated at Eton and succeeded to the title 5^th Viscount Grandison in 1699. He became an MP for Old Sarum in 1705 and was a Privy Counsellor in 1721. He was given the title of 1^st Earl of Grandison in 1721. The Dromana estate of the Villiers family was already quite large but was continuously being extended over the decades. On the 16^th July 1724 Thomas Walsh of Pilltown sold some of his Kinsalebeg land to John FitzGerald Villiers.  Details of this deed¹⁴ are covered under the Walshs of Pilltown land transactions in the 1720s. The parties to the deed were Thomas Welsh of Piltown and Rt. Hon. John Earl of Grandison & others. The document is described as:

“A memorial of indentures of lease & release duly executed & bearing date the sixteenth & seventeenth days of July one thousand seven hundred & twenty four the lease being bipartite & made between Thomas Welsh of Piltown in the county of Waterford Esquire of the one part & the Rt. Hon. John Earl of Grandison & George Matthew of Thomastown in the county of Tippeary Esq. of the other part …”.

The townlands listed in the Walsh-Villiers deed document include Garranaspick, Drumgullane, Kilmaloo, Kilgabriel, D’Loughtane which are also included in the Welsh-Bernard deed of sale. It is to be assumed that parts of certain townlands in the Kinsalebeg area were sold to the Bernards and other parts of the same townland were sold to the Villiers. There is a note in the Walsh-Villiers deed for example regarding the Pilltown lands which states: “the town and lands of Pilltown except only that part thereof sold & conveyed to the said Francis Bernard”. In very broad terms the Walshs sold the Kinsalebeg land south of Pilltown to the Bernards and land north of Pilltown in the Clashmore direction was sold to the Villiers. The Villiers of course had considerable other land holdings in the Clashmore area so the lands they purchased from the Walshs lands bordered in some cases on other land already in their possession. We know from Griffiths Valuation around 1850 that the Villiers-Stuarts had land in Ardsallagh, Ballyheeny (Kinsalebeg), Ballyheeny (Clashmore), Coolbagh, Ticknock (Clashmore) and the earlier 1654 Civil Survey had shown that the FitzGeralds of Dromana had land in Ardsallagh, Tinnabinna, Ticknock, Shanacoole, Ballycrompane, Knocknageragh and Grange etc. 

            John FitzGerald Villiers was responsible for many improvements in the Dromana estate including the planting of thousands of shrubs and trees. He was responsible for the building of the village of Villierstown which was initially the centre for the linen industry which he established in the area. The population of the village initially consisted of linen weavers who were brought from Armagh to help set up the fledgling linen industry. The initial village contained twenty four dwelling houses for the weavers plus a church, school, court house, police barrack, a quay on the river and one of the widest streets in Ireland.  The village is probably better known today as the birthplace of the Olympic medal winning athlete John Treacy. However the real gem of this understated part of West Waterford is the beautiful scenery and the many old estates on both sides of the Blackwater River between Youghal and Lismore.

Image: John FitzGerald Villiers 1^st Earl of Grandison.  Source: Dromana by Therese Muir Mackenzie.

John FitzGerald Villiers died in 1766 and his titles died with him as he had no surviving male issue. The Dromana estate was inherited by his daughter Elizabeth FitzGerald (Villiers). John FitzGerald Villiers was buried in the Grandison vault in St Mary’s Collegiate Church Youghal. The inscription on the memorial stone in the Collegiate Church Youghal indicates that two of the 1st Earl of Grandison's daughters "Ladyes Ann and Katherine Villiers" and his son the "Rt Honble. William Lord Villiers" are also buried in the family vault. Not all records indicate that he had a daughter named Katherine but the inscription stone in the Collegiate Church Youghal would seem to be confirm that this was the case.

Elizabeth FitzGerald (1766 =>1782) & Aland John Mason (=>1759):

Elizabeth FitzGerald (Villiers) inherited Dromana on the death of her father John FitzGerald Villiers in 1766. According to a history of Dromana¹⁵ by Mackenzie there were plans that Elizabeth should marry into the Barry family of Castlelyons. Lord Barrymore and the Grandison family were close friends and their respective homes were only about thirty miles apart. Indeed the Dromana history tells the legend of the presence of a ghost of one of the Earls of Barrymore in Dromana. Apparently, having lost heavily in a card game at Dromana, the Earl of Barrymore retired to a room in the old tower and shot himself. His ghost is reputed to still haunt the room and has allegedly been seen by various people in the intervening centuries. Elizabeth FitzGerald, or Lady Betty as she was known as, had no intention of marrying into the Barry or Barrymore family who were “a very wild family” according to Mackenzie. Instead she married Aland John Mason who was described somewhat snootily by Mackenzie as “though a man of means his family was not of distinguished extraction”. There is no doubt that the old Anglo-Irish families were obsessed with the titles and class structure of England and the lack of a Sir or Earl or Lady in front of your name must have been a severe disadvantage setting out for a Saturday night dance in Redbarn or the YMCA! We should be grateful that the native Irish never seemed too obsessed with titles or that we never got too fond of the drink!

Elizabeth FitzGerald was later given the title Viscountess Grandison of Dromana. Aland John Mason and Elizabeth FitzGerald (Villiers) had one son named George Mason Villiers who inherited the Dromana estate in 1759. The history of Dromana¹⁵ by Mackenzie has some interesting letter correspondence from this period which gives a good insiders view of events. Some of this correspondence is between a Mrs Delaney and her friends and relations. Mrs Delaney was a cousin of Lord Grandison and was married to a Dr Delaney, who was apparently on friendly terms with Dean Swift. Mrs Delaney appeared to be a paid up member of the “nosy parker” club and some of her comments were fairly acerbic and bordering on the “bitchy” but no less interesting for all that. In a letter to her sister in 1759 Mrs Delaney describes a visit she made to Dromana with the purpose of passing on her condolences to the Grandison family on the death of Elizabeth’s husband Aland John Mason. Mrs Delaney was probably sincere in her intentions but she was not averse to the idea of picking up a bit of gossip in the process.  Her description of her visit went as follows:

“I thought it would have been a melancholy visit (as Mr Mason and the Viscountess were seemingly very fond), so I stopped softly into the room, found only Lord Grandison and his lady together, talked of the great loss of Mr. Mason, dead just one month, asked if I might see the Dowager [Elizabeth]. The door was opened into the room where she sat. I saw a glimmering light and expected to see a dejected figure by dim taper’s light – when behold! She was sitting at a card table playing at cribbage; but she looked melancholy and I believe is sorry. I cannot think it right in her friends about her to make her do what in truth has a very indecent appearance, but cards are now the nostrum to drive away all sorrow.”

 Elizabeth Villiers later married Major General Charles Montague Halifax on the 15 Feb 1763.

George Mason Villiers (1759 => 1800):

            Our next Kinsalebeg landlord from Dromana was George Mason Villiers who was born in 1751. He was an only child and was consequently spoiled by all accounts. Mrs Delaney in a letter to her sister at the time describes George Mason Villiers as:

“Master Villiers is between nine and ten years of age; not a dull boy, but humoured to the last degree. He will be Earl of Grandison after his grandfather’s and mother’s death, which is the reason he is called Villiers and not Mason”.

George Mason Villiers was educated at Eton and in 1772 he married Lady Gertrude Seymour Conway, a daughter of the 1^st Marquess of Hertford. Mrs Delaney in her distinctive style describes the wedding as follow:

“Our young travelled cousin [George] is a poor weak-looking soul set out furiously in jewels and other expenses, beyond the Mason finances and more wont come till the mother’s death and she seems to be a much better life than her son’s”.

George Mason Villiers appeared to drop the Mason part of his name in 1771 and became just George Villiers. He also held the title of Viscount Grandison of Dromana. George Villiers was elected as a Tory MP for the Ludlow constituency in 1774 and held the seat until 1780. His record in parliament was rather undistinguished aside from his rather ostentatious dress sense which seemed to be the subject of more ridicule than admiration. There are no records of any speech he made during his tenure and his voting record would indicate that he was not a frequent attender at parliament. He was rather underwhelmingly described by Horace Walpole Earl of Oxford, an English historian and Whig politician, as “sensible enough and very good natured”. Some interesting additional biographical details of George Villiers may be located in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754-1790¹⁸. In 1782 he succeeded as 2^nd Earl Grandison which entitled him to a seat in the Irish House of Lords and a few years later he was sworn in to the Irish Privy Council. Mackenzie in Dromana¹⁵ describes him as follows:

“Master Villiers developed into an extravagant and self-indulgent man, and gambled away much of his patrimony left him by his mother and grandfather”.

George Villiers died in 1800 aged forty nine years and, as he had no sons, his titles died with him. He had carried out extensive refurbishment at Dromana and was responsible for the building of a wing to the big house. He was succeeded at Dromana by his daughter, Gertrude Amelia Villiers.  

Gertrude Amelia Villiers (1800 => 1809) & Lord Henry Stuart (=> 1809):

            Lady Gertrude Amelia Villiers was the only child of Viscountess Grandison and George Mason Villiers whom she succeeded as heiress to Dromana and the extended estates including land in the Kinsalebeg and Clashmore areas. She married Lord Henry Stuart on the 15^th July 1802. He was the son of John Stuart, 1^st Marquess of Bute and Charlotte Jane Windsor who was a daughter of Herbert Hickman Windsor 2^nd Viscount Windsor and Alice Clavering. They had four children namely Gertrude Amelia, Henry, William and Charles Villiers-Stuart. Lord Henry Stuart died on the 19^th August 1809 at the age of 32 years. His wife Lady Gertrude also died in 1809 within a few days of her husband. The Dromana estate was inherited by their eldest son, Henry Villiers Stuart, who was only six years of age when his parents died.

Henry Villiers-Stuart Baron Stuart De Decies (1809 => 1874) & Theresia Ott:

Henry Villiers-Stuart was born on the 8^th June 1803 in London and succeeded to the Dromana estate in 1809 on the death of his parents Lord Henry Stuart and Lady Gertrude Amelia Villiers. He was therefore only six years old when his parents died. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church Oxford and in 1822 he legally changed his name to Henry Villiers-Stuart by Royal license. He was a Tory M.P for Waterford from 1826 to 1830 and was M.P. for Banbury from 1830 to 1832. He was also Lord-Lieutenant of Co. Waterford for forty three years from 1831 until his death in 1874. He was also appointed as a Privy Counsellor or P.C. in Ireland in 1837 and became 1^st Baron Stuart de Decies of Dromana in 1839.

Henry Villiers-Stuart created a storm in Anglo-Irish aristocratic and parliamentary circles in 1825-1826 when he supported Daniel O’Connell in his Catholic Emancipation campaign. He stood as a Protestant pro Catholic Emancipation candidate for Waterford in 1826 much to the surprise and consternation of the sitting anti-Catholic M.P Lord George Beresford who had refused to abandon his opposition to Catholic Emancipation. Villiers-Stuart decided to oppose him and received assistance from Catholic activists including Thomas Wyse and Daniel O’Connell. After a bitter and fiery nine day election campaign Henry Villiers-Stuart took the second seat ahead of the devastated and humiliated George Beresford. Villiers-Stuart’s brave campaign earned him a lot of enemies in his own circles but a lot of supporters in the wider community. His victorious 1826 campaign set a marker for the election of Daniel O’Connell as M.P. for Clare in 1828 and the subsequent passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829.

Henry Villiers-Stuart supposedly went through a marriage ceremony with the Austrian Theresia Pauline Ott on the 12^th January 1826 in St James’s Catholic Church Spanish Place Georges Street, London W1. The church is actually in Georges Street and the reference to Spanish Place is an indication of the origins of the church in penal times when the Catholic religion was banned. One of the ways Catholic churches managed to avoid persecution was by an association with a friendly foreign embassy and thereby bringing their church under a sort of “diplomatic immunity”. St James Catholic Church made an association with the Spanish embassy resulting in the adding of Spanish Place to their address as a form of sanctuary for both Spanish and English Catholics who sought refuge in the church. Theresia Pauline Ott was a Catholic who was born in Vienna Austria. Her wedding to the Protestant Henry Villiers-Stuart was carried out in a Catholic Church and this created a hereditary problem under English law at that time. Additionally it was established that Theresia Ott had two children from a previous marriage or lliason with Leopold Gersch, an officer in the Austrian Army.  This of course cast additional doubts on the validity of her marriage to Henry Villiers-Stuart. This was not a serious problem during the life of Henry Villiers-Stuart but became a problem after his death. His eldest son and heir, Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart, was unable to confirm the validity of the marriage of his parents and was therefore considered to be illegitimate. As a result the title of Baron Stuart de Decies and the peerage died with Henry Villiers-Stuart in 1874.

The Introduction to the Villiers-Stuart Papers¹⁹ introduces another level of intrigue to the above story. It outlines the presence of a letter written in later years by a son of Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart. The letter outlines the probability that Theresia Ott and Leopold Gersch were never married but that Theresia Ott had informed her future husband Henry Villiers-Stuart that she had been married to Gersch. She informed him that her husband Leopold Gersch was now deceased and that she was a widow with two children. The marriage of Theresia Ott and Henry Villiers-Stuart went ahead in a Catholic Church as Theresia was a devout Catholic. However it transpired that Leopold Gersch was in fact still very much alive and allegedly proceeded to blackmail Henry Villiers-Stuart on the basis presumably that he was a bigamist. Neither Theresia Ott nor Leopold Gersch ever informed Henry Villiers-Stuart that they were not married - Gersch presumably because he thought he had a better chance of receiving money if Henry Villier-Stuart was a bigamist. The motives of Theresia Ott for maintaining the apparent deception are a bit more difficult to comprehend but the fact that the status of the children from both her relationships was now subject to confusion must have been a difficult cross to bear in her remaining years. The letter went on to outline that Henry Villiers-Stuart did in fact probably pay “compensation” to Leopold Gersh to keep the matter quite. This whole story has all the ingredients of a rattling good novel but there is little evidence to confirm all aspects of it. The only aspect of the story that is confirmed is that Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart was unable to confirm the validity of the marriage of his parents and this had serious hereditary repercussions. 

Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart (1874 => 1895):

            Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart was born in 1827 and was the eldest son of Henry Villiers-Stuart and Theresia Pauline Ott. He was a vicar in Bulkington Warwickshire from around 1852 to 1847 and was later a vicar in Napton from 1855 to 1871. He eventually resigned from Holy Orders to take up a political career. He served in both the Austrian and British armies between 1844 and 1847. He graduated from Durham University in 1852 and was an M.P. for Waterford from 1873 to 1874 and also from 1880 to 1885. He married Mary Power on the 3^rd August 1865 and they had the following children: Henry Charles Windsor, Gerald, Maurice Ambrose, Horace Gervase, Mary Therese, Gertrude Gwendoline, Patrick, Mary and Winifred Frances Villiers-Stuart. As outlined above Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart was unable to confirm the validity of the wedding of his parents and was therefore unable to inherit his father’s title of Baron Stuart de Decies.

            Henry Windsor Villiers-Stuart was a very talented and versatile individual with a wide range of interests in addition to his political interests. He was an active and noted Egyptian explorer and wrote a number of books on archaeology including Egypt after the War. He was drowned in a boating accident on the River Blackwater near his home in October 1895 at the age of 68. His wife died in September 1907. The land ownership situation had drastically changed in the latter end of the 19^th century with the gradual break up of the large estates including Dromana, Ballynatray and Lismore.

           

Smyths of Ballynatary & Monatray

Smyths of Headborough and Monatray Genealogy:

The members of the Smyth family who were landowners in Kinsalebeg are highlighted in the following summary family tree. The first Kinsalebeg landowner was in fact Percy Scott Smyth (1754-1826) so the earlier highlighted names are his predecessors who were owners of Ballynatray but not Monatray. Each level number indicates another generation so Major Boyle Smyth is a son of William & Anne Smyth. The Smyths of Ballynatray had family connections with the Bernards of Bandon as Esther Smyth, daughter of Percy Smyth and Elizabeth Jervois, married James Bernard who was also a landowner in Kinsalebeg.

..... 1  Sir Richard Smyth of Ballynatray

.....  + Mary Boyle

........... 2  Sir Percy Smyth b: Ballynatray, Co Waterford.

...........  + Isabella Ussher m: 1635

................. 3  William Smyth

.................  + Anne Smyth

....................... 4  Major Boyle Smyth (1692 - 1730) b: 1692, d: 1730, Title: Major

....................... 4  Percy Smyth b: Headborough, Co Waterford, Title: Captain

.......................  + Elizabeth Jervois ( - 1728) d: 1728, m: Bet. 1726–1727

............................. 5  William Smyth

.............................  + Elizabeth Foulke

............................. 5  Daughter1 Smyth

............................. 5  Esther Smyth ( - 1780) d: 1780

............................. + James Bernard (1729 - 1790) b: 08 Dec 1729 in Castle Bernard, Bandon.

m: 1752, d: 07 Jul 1790 in Dublin

................................... 6 Francis Bernard Earl of Bandon (1755 - 1830)

b: 26 Nov 1755 in Bandon. d: 26 Nov 1830, Title: Baron Bandon

...................................  + Catherine Henrietta Boyle (1768 - 1815) b: 12 Jan 1768, d: 08 Jul 1815

......................................... 7 James Bernard (1785 - 1856) b: 04 Jun 1785 in Bandon.

 d: 31 Oct 1856, Title: 2nd Earl of Bandon.

.........................................  + Mary Susan Albinia Broderick m: 13 Mar 1809 in Cashel Cathedral

............................................... 8 Francis Bernard (1810 - 1877) b: 03 Jan 1810 in Grovesnor Street, London, d: 17 Feb 1877

...............................................  + Catherine Mary Whitmore m: 1832

............................................... 8 Charles Broderick Bernard (1811 - ) b: 04 Jan 1811 in Bandon Co Cork, Title: Lord Bishop of Tuam, Killalla and Achonry

...............................................  + Jane Grace m: Jul 1843

............................................... 8 Henry Boyle Bernard (1812 - ) b: 06 Feb 1812, Title: Colonel 87th South Cork Light Infantry

...............................................  + Matilda Sophie Turner m: 18 Jan 1812

............................................... 8  Catherine Henrietta Bernard

......................................... 7  Richard Boyle Bernard (1787 - 1850) b: 04 Sep 1787, d: 1850

......................................... 7 Francis Bernard (1789 - 1813) b: 27 Feb 1789, d: 1813 in Coimbra, Portugal, Title: Lieutenant 9th Light Dragoons

......................................... 7 William Smyth Bernard (1792 - ) b: 13 Sep 1792.

Title: Colonel 17th Lancers

.........................................  + Elizabeth Gillman b: Clancoole, Bandon Co Cork, m: 1831

......................................... 7 Henry Boyle Bernard (1797 - 1861) b: 05 Dec 1797.

 d:21/01/1861 in Waterloo; Title: Cornet 1st Dragoon Guards

......................................... 7  Charles Ludlow Bernard (1805 - 1861) b: 1805, d: 21 Jan 1861

......................................... 7  Catherine Henrietta Bernard ( - 1850) d: 1850

......................................... 7  Charlotte Esther Bernard

.........................................  + Hayes St. Ledger m: 1846, Title: Viscount Doneraile

......................................... 7  Louisa Anne Bernard ( - 1851) d: 1851

................................... 6  Charles Bernard (1762 - 1790) b: Dec 1762, d: Bef. 1790

................................... 6 Rose Bernard (1758 - 1810) b: 08 Mar 1758 in Bandon Co Cork, d: 26 May 1810

...................................  + William Tonson m: 13 Nov 1773.

Title: 1st Baron Riversdale,Lord Riversdale

......................................... 7  Sons1to7 Tonson

......................................... 7  Daughter1 Tonson

...................................  + Captain Millerd Title: Captain 55th Foot

................................... 6  Esther Bernard (1759 - ) b: 17 Mar 1759 in Bandon Co Cork

...................................  + Sampson Stawell b: Kilbrittain, m: 02 Dec 1775

................................... 6  Mary Bernard (1760 - 1825) b: 1760 in Bandon Co Cork, d: 14 Nov 1825

...................................  + Augustus Warren Title: Sir, Bart

................................... 6  Charlotte Bernard ( - 1835) d: 02 Sep 1835

................................... + Hayes St. Ledger (1755 - 1819) b: 1755, m: 03 Sep 1785, d: 1819.

 Title: 2nd Viscount Doneraile

................................... 6  Elizabeth Bernard

...................................  + Richard Acklom b: Wiseton Hall, Nottinghamshire, m: 1785

......................................... 7  Esther Acklom

.........................................  + John Althorp m: 1814, Title: Viscount Althorp & Earl Spenser

.............................  + Robert Gookin ( - 1752) d: 1752, Title: Major

................................... 6  Robert Gookin ( - 1760) d: 1760

................................... 6  Waller Gookin ( - 1751) d: 1751

............................. 5  Anne Smyth ( - 1771) d: Aft. 1771

............................. + Hibernicus Scott ( - 1776) b: Lisnakeen, Flaxford, Co Cork, m: 1747.

 d: 15 Nov 1776.

................................... 6 Percy Scott Smyth (1754 - 1826) b: Abt. 1754 in Headborough.

d: 07 Oct 1826. 1^st Kinsalebeg landowner.

...................................  + Sarah Kingston m: Abt. 1838

......................................... 7  Percy Scott Smyth ( - 1846) d: 1846, Title: Rev

......................................... + Catherine Odell ( - 1882) b: Carriglea, Co Waterford.

 m: 04 Sep 1827, d: 31 May 1882

............................................... 8 Rev. Percy Smyth (1840 - 1910) b: Abt. 1840 in Headborough.

 d: 09 Mar 1910 in Glendine, Co Waterford.

Buried Kinsalebeg Church.

............................................... + Mary Perceval Maxwell (1844 - 1910) b: Abt. 1844.

 d: 06 Mar 1910 in Headborough, Co Waterford.

 Buried Kinsalebeg Church.

......................................... 7  Daughter 1to3 Smyth d: All died young

......................................... 7  Esther Scott Smyth

......................................... 7  William Scott Smyth ( - 1828) d: Abt. 1828

................................... 6  Isabella Scott ( - 1797) d: 1797

...................................  + Edward Spread ( - 1814) d: 25 Mar 1814, Title: Reverend

......................................... 7  Anne Isabella Spread ( - 1847) d: 19 May 1847

.........................................  + Henry Hamilton Beamish m: 1820, Title: Reverend

............................................... 8  Anne Elizabeth Beamish ( - 1899) d: 13 Oct 1899

............................................... 8  Jane Anne Wilhelmina St. Maur Beamish ( - 1853)

 d: 21 Aug 1853

............................................... 8  Esther Matilda Grace Beamish ( - 1882) d: Dec 1882

............................................... 8  Frances Lucy Margaret Beamish

...............................................  + Frederick Pering Jellard m: 29 Jan 1903

............................................... 8  Samuel Henry Beamish (1821 - 1900) b: 12 Jun 1821.

d: 11 Jan 1900

............................................... 8  Isabella Beamish (1822 - 1892) b: 27 Sep 1822, d: 24 Jun 1892

............................................... 8 Mary Hamilton Beamish (1823 - 1902) b: 17 Dec 1823.

d: 14 Aug 1902

    

............................................... 8 Edward Spread Beamish (1825 - 1892) b: 11 Nov 1825

d: 17 Apr 1892, Title: Lieutenant Colonel

...............................................  + Elizabeth Dougal m: 17 Apr 1860

...............................................  + Diane Spencer Lewin m: 03 Mar 1868

............................................... 8  Henry Hamilton Beamish Title: Rear Admiral

............................................... 8  John Bedell Beamish (1831 - 1854) b: 16 Mar 1831.

d: 25 Sep 1854

............................................... 8  Percy Smyth Beamish (1835 - 1908) b: 23 Jul 1835.

 d: 11 Dec 1908

................................... 6  Anne Scott

...................................  + Edward Spread Title: Reverend

................................... 6  Matthew Scott Title: Lieutenant Colonel

................. 3  Richard Smyth

Bernard to Smyths Kinsalebeg Land Transactions (1825):

1825 was the year when the next major change in landholding in Kinsalebeg took place as the Bernards of Bandon sold their land in the area to the Smyths of Headborough for an initial sum of £26,520 pounds sterling. The Bernards were the major Kinsalebeg landowners in the preceding century and this particular sale was the last major change in land ownership in the area. The latter end of the 19^th century signified a major shift in land ownership with the gradual breakup of the old estates and the transfer of ownership to tenants and farmers in much smaller segments. This breakup policy was assisted by the establishment of the Encumbered Estates Court and Landed Estates Courts which were set up to bring order to the many impoverished and debt ridden estates after the famine. The following indented deed of conveyance summarises the details of the transfer of Kinsalebeg land ownership to the Smyths:

Date: 6^th January 1825

Land Registry Ref: 807/440/544575

Document type: Memorial of indented deed of conveyance

Parties: Francis Bernard Earl of Bandon and Percy Scott Smyth of Headborough

Details: The memorial commences with the wording:

“To the Register appointed by an Act of Parliament for registering deeds of conveyance and so forth bearing date & duty executed on the 6^th day of January 1825 between Right Hon. Francis Earl of Bandon of Castle Bernard and Piercy Scott Smyth of Headborough whereby the said Francis Bernard in consideration of the sum of £26,520 pounds etc …”.

The deed of conveyance goes on to confirm the release of specified Kinsalebeg townlands to Piercy [Percy} Scott Smyth. The list of townlands included the following:

“Moneattory als Moneclerys [Monatray], Ballysalough [Ballysallagh] & Ferrypoint (1052 acres according to the Down Survey),Newtown (150 acres), Rath & Mortgage (203 acres), Kilmeedy als Kilmedy (182 acres), Drumgillane [Drumgullane] (354 acres), Lackenderry [Lackendarra] (46 acres), Knockbrack (150 acres), Pilltown alias Moord (20 acres)”.

The total acreage transferred to the Smyths was approximately 2163 acres for which they paid twenty six thousand five hundred and twenty pounds [£26,520]. The document seemed to include a clause allowing a Florence McCarthy to continue with his tenure of occupation in the Kinsalebeg area.

Smyths of Headborough and Monatray (1825 => 1910):

The Smyth involvement in Kinsalebeg spanned the period from 1825 to 1910. The Smyth family was connected with Ballynatray and later Headborough from the time of Queen Elizabeth 1^st, who reigned from 1558 to her death in 1603. It was the Headborough branch of the Smyths who had connections with Kinsalebeg so the following is a summary of the succession sequence in Headborough from the time of William Smyth up to the death of Percy Smyth in 1910. There were a number of Percy Smyths in this period and we will append the names of their spouses in situations where it might be confusing. The Smyths were not involved in Kinsalebeg until 1825 when Percy Scott Smyth, son of Hibernicus Scott and Anne Smyth, purchased a large part of Kinsalebeg from Francis Bernard of Bandon. We will include details of earlier Smyth generations for historical completeness.

When we say that the Smyths were not involved in Kinsalebeg before 1825 we mean that they were not involved in an “official” capacity as land owners. However they obviously had their eyes on the area as far back as 1670 when the Inquisition involving Thomas Walsh of Pilltown was in progress. During the inquisition Thomas Walsh claimed relief for debts against the Walsh estate as he stated that Lady Isabella Smyth was “occupying” some of their land including Monatray, Ballykerogue, Ballyvoyle, Island, Knockdrumalea etc. Lady Isabella Smyth was the widow of Percy Scott Smyth of Ballynatray and obviously the Smyths had decided to squat on some of the Walsh land either by putting livestock or tenants on it. The courts decided that the Smyths were out of order and they were instructed to discontinue their occupancy. A 1777 Skinner & Taylor map shows the presence of Smyths in Snugboro at that time. Snugborough was another name for the present day location of Monatray House so it would appear that the Smyths had a residence here before they bought the land from the Bernards in 1825.

History of Smyths of Ballynatray, Headborough & Monatray (1600-1910):

            The first five generations of Smyths below had no land holding in Kinsalebeg and we include their details here to give some background to the family from the time of Richard Boyle 1^st Earl of Cork around 1600.

Generation 1: Richard Smyth of Ballynatray:

Richard Smyth of Ballynatray married Mary Boyle daughter of Roger Boyle and Joan Naylor. He was the first Smyth recorded in residence at Ballynatray and at that time Headborough did not seem to exist as a separate entity. Mary Boyle was a sister of Richard Boyle who became the 1^st Earl of Cork and took over the estates of Walter Raleigh in East Cork and West Waterford in 1602. The Boyle estate was the historic origin of the present Devonshire Cavendish estate of Lismore Castle.

Generation 2: Percy Smyth of Ballynatray:

Percy Smyth, son of Richard Smyth and Mary Boyle, succeeded his father as owner of Ballynatray. In 1635 he married Isabella Ussher who was daughter of Arthur Ussher and Judith Newcomen. It was during this period that Headborough appeared to have been built or developed and the Ballynatray and Headborough estates followed separate Smyth family lines as two of the sons of Percy Smyth & Isabella Ussher took over the separate estates.

Generation 3: William Smyth of Headborough:

William Smyth, son of Percy Smyth and Isabella Ussher, inherited Headborough and we will continue to follow this line only as it was this family line that eventually purchased large land holdings in Kinsalebeg from the Bernard family. William Smyth married his cousin Anne Smyth, daughter of Richard Smyth of Bridgefield Co Cork. William Smyth was involved in the 1641 rebellion and when he died he was succeeded by his eldest son Boyle Smyth. Richard Smyth, another son of Percy Smyth and Isabella Ussher, inherited Ballynatray and the succession list of Ballynatray after Richard Smyth was Grice Smith (died before 1724), Richard Smyth (died 1768), Grice Smyth (c 1762-1816) and then Richard Smyth (1797-1858).

Generation 4: Major Boyle Smyth of Headborough:

Major Boyle Smyth, eldest son of William Smyth and Anne Smyth, inherited Headborough after the death of his father. He was an MP for Youghal in 1713 and when he died he was succeeded by his brother Captain Percy Smyth. There are conflicting dates of death for Boyle Smyth and his brother Percy Smyth. Some records indicate that Boyle Smyth died in 1730 and that Percy died before 1727, which is obviously a contradiction unless Percy Smyth succeeded Boyle Smyth before his death. This Percy Smyth married Elizabeth Jervois, daughter of Joseph Jervois. Three of the four children of Percy Smyth and Elizabeth Jervois had an involvement in the future succession sequence for Headborough namely William, Esther and Anne Smyth, which we will detail later, but the immediate successor to Percy Smyth/Jervois was their only son William Smyth.

Generation 5: William Smyth of Headborough:

William Smyth, son of Captain Percy Smyth and Elizabeth Jervois, succeeded his father at Headborough. William Smyth married Elizabeth Foulke, daughter of Digby Foulke and Angela Maynard. They had no surviving children and the Headborough inheritance situation after William’s death was complicated. William Smyth’s eldest sister Esther had firstly married Major Robert Gookin and they had two children named Waller & Robert Gookin. Waller Gookin died as a child in 1751 and his brother died tragically at Castle Bernard in 1760 at a young age. Apparently he had climbed to the top of the King John’s tower section of Castle Bernard where bats and swallows used to fly in and out of the windows. He tried to catch or strike one of the swallows coming through the window but lost his balance and fell through the trap-door. He sustained serious injuries and died a few days later so the first two nephews of William Smyth who were in line to inherit Headborough were now deceased. In the meantime Major Robert Gookin, Anne Smyth’s first husband, died in 1752. Anne Smyth subsequently married James Bernard of Castle Bernard in Bandon Co Cork. Francis Bernard, the eldest son of James Bernard and Esther Smyth and a nephew of the deceased William Smyth, was now the next in line to succeed William Smyth. However Francis Bernard was due to inherit the extensive Castle Bernard estate on the death of his father and this apparently ruled him out of the Headborough succession stakes. The Headborough inheritance instead passed to another nephew of William Smyth namely Percy Scott Smyth, a son of Anne Smyth and Hibernicus Scott. Anne Smyth was another sister of William Smyth who had married the extravagantly named Hibernicus Scott in 1747 and Percy Scott Smyth was their eldest son. The marriage of Esther Smyth and James Bernard cemented the relationship between the Smyth and Bernard families which was eventually to lead to the sale of Kinsalebeg land by the Bernards to the Smyths in 1825. 

Percy Scott Smyth of Headborough & Monatray (G7 1825 => 1826):

            Percy Scott Smyth, son of Hibernicus Scott and Anne Smyth, succeeded William Smyth in Headborough. He married Sarah Kingston daughter of Samuel Kingston and his wife who was a Gookin. The children of Hibernicus Scott and Anne Smyth were of course Scott but were given the surname of Scott Smyth. Later generations dropped the Scott part of the surname so it reverted back to just Smyth. It was this Percy Scott Smyth who bought the Kinsalebeg land from Judge Francis Bernard of Bandon in January 1825 for £26,520 as outlined elsewhere. This included the townlands of Monatray, Ballysallagh, Ferrypoint, Newtown, Rath, Mortgage, Kilmeedy, Drumgullane, Lackendarra, Knockbrack, Pilltown and Moord totalling around 2163 acres. Percy Scott Smyth died in 1826, which was the year after the above land sale was concluded. He was succeeded by his son, William Scott Smyth, who died two years after his father in 1828 so the Headborough estate came into ownership of William’s brother, Percy Scott Smyth who was a Church of Ireland vicar.

William Scott Smyth of Headborough & Monatray (G7A 1826 => 1828):

            William Scott Smyth son of Percy Scott Smyth and Sarah Kingston succeeded his father after his death in 1826 but died in 1828.

Rev Percy Scott Smyth of Headborough & Monatray (G7B 1828 => 1846):

Rev. Percy Scott Smyth succeeded his brother to the estate of Headborough and Monatray in 1828. He married Catherine Odell on the 4^th September 1827. Catherine Odell was the daughter of John Odell and Catherine Young of Carriglea Co Waterford and was a grand-daughter of Dr Matthew Young, Bishop of Clonfert. Rev. Percy Scott Smyth was a Church of Ireland vicar of the union of Kinsalebeg & Grange in the period from 1819 until his retirement in February 1844. He therefore already had a connection with Kinsalebeg before the Smyths purchased the land in Kinsalebeg. He was responsible for the building of a large country house in the area which the Smyths sometimes called Snugborough in West Monatray overlooking Youghal Bay. This house was built sometime after 1827 and is now known as Monatray House.  Rev. Percy Scott Smyth also completed some extensive renovations on Headborough House after his marriage in 1827. He was obliged to resign his ministry in Kinsalebeg & Grange in February 1844 apparently due to ill health. According to a Cork Examiner report he was obliged to live in England as a consequence of his ill-health. It was not unusual to have “absentee clergy” in the Church of Ireland at that time which in many ways mirrored the “absentee landlord”. However the bishops at the time were unhappy with the number of clergy who did not reside within their parishes, as in most cases they were still being paid. However there is no indication that Rev Percy Scott fitted into the unenforced absentee category as there is no doubt that he was genuinely unwell and died a short time afterwards in 1846.

The Rev William Wakeham was also a vicar in Kinsalebeg in the period from 1840 until his untimely death in 1847 and his period in the parish would have overlapped with that of Rev. Percy Scott Smyth. This was an extraordinarily difficult period in Kinsalebeg and other parts of Ireland due to the famine. We have recounted elsewhere the extraordinary work done by Rev William Wakeham in trying to alleviate the suffering of people in Kinsalebeg, regardless of their religion. An Examiner report on 1^st March 1844 indicated that Rev Henry Hamilton Beamish and a Rev P.S. Smyth were recently appointed to the vicarage of Kinsalebeg. The references to Rev William Wakeham during this period were frequent and it would appear that he was very much on his own in the parish in a very difficult period. The reference to the appointment of Rev P.S. Smyth to the Kinsalebeg vicarage in March 1844 is quite puzzling as he apparently was obliged to resign the previous month due to ill health.  Rev. Percy Scott Smyth died in 1846 and was succeeded by his only son also Percy Smyth who was only six years of age at the time.

Percy Smyth of Headborough & Monatray (G8 1846 => 1910):

 Percy Smyth, only son of Rev Percy Scott Smyth and Catherine Odell, succeeded his father after his death in 1846 but as mentioned earlier was only six years of age at the time. However his mother Catherine Smyth nee Odell, wife of Rev. Percy Scott Smyth, lived until May 1882 and essentially ran the Headborough & Monatray estates until the coming of age of her son Percy Smyth Junior. However his name appears in land registers as a landowner in the years after the death of his father in 1846 even though he was still a minor at that stage. He married Mary Perceval Maxwell in 1865 and they had five children. Mary Perceval Maxwell was the only daughter of Robert Perceval Maxwell and Helena Anne Moore. Robert Perceval Maxwell was a son of William Perceval of Kilmore Hill Waterford and Anne Maxwell of Finnebrogue Co Down and both sides of this family had extensive property holdings. Anne Maxwell was heiress of her father William Moore of Moore Hill Waterford who had land in Waterford, Glanworth, Fermoy and Clondulane in Cork. The Percevals were connected to the Percevals of Temple House Co Sligo. In the 1865-1875 time period Robert Perceval Maxwell owned over 11,000 acres of land spread over Tipperary, Down, Cork, Meath and Waterford. This excluded the Moore Hill Co Waterford land which was inherited by William John Perceval Maxwell, a brother of Robert Perceval Maxwell. The Smyth estate ran into financial difficulties like many estates in the latter half of the 19th century after the famine. The country was devastated after the famine and it was difficult to get rents. The Kinsalebeg land of the Smyths finished up in the Landed Estates courts and was eventually sold to various farmers, many of whom were previous tenants on the land.

Percy and Mary Smyth spent a considerable amount of their time in Monatray House near Ferrypoint and it seemed to be their main home for a considerable part of the year. Percy Smyth and his wife Mary died within three days of each other in March 1910 in rather sad circumstances. Mary Smyth nee Maxwell died on the 6th March 1910 and was buried in Kinsalebeg Church. Her husband Percy died on his way home from her burial on the 9th March 1910. He departed from the church in Kinsalebeg after the burial and was making his way back to Headborough. He alighted from the carriage on the steep incline from Youghal Bridge up towards Knockanor, in order to give the horses a rest by all accounts. The exertions coupled with the trauma of the day brought on a heart attack from which he died. A few days later he was buried with his wife in Kinsalebeg Church. Percy and Mary Smyth were survived by five children and they were the last generation of Smyths with an involvement in Headborough. Rivers Smyth, the youngest son of Percy & Mary Smyth, died in 1946 and left the Headborough estate to his cousin Patrick Perceval Maxwell. The Kinsalebeg connection with the Smyths was effectively at an end with the deaths of Percy & Mary Smyth in March 1910. They had retained Montray House until that time but their land holdings in the area had already been distributed many years earlier.

The Déise (2013 =>)

The history of the major land owners in Kinsalebeg started with the Déise and now it ends with the Déise. Everyone in Kinsalebeg will be pleased to know that we are now back in Déise land after an eventful journey of about fifteen hundred years.

Tithe Applotment Books (1833)

Tithe Applotment Books were compiled between 1823 and 1838 as a survey of titheable land in each parish. It contains name of occupier; name of townland; acreage; classification of land; amount of tithe due. The Tithe Applotment Books are available on microfilm in the National Library of Ireland and the originals are in the National Archives. See Appendix A1 and A2 for a summary of the Kinsalebeg 1833 Tithe Applotments in Surname and Townland sequence. This gives the names of individuals and associated townlands as they existed in Kinsalebeg in 1833.

Griffith’s Valuation (1848 =>1864)

The following is list of the primary landowners by townland in the Kinsalebeg area at the time of Griffith’s Valuation between 1848 and 1864. Griffith’s Valuation itself gives details of the individual tenants or occupiers of land and houses in the area so is a useful substitute for the pre-1901 census records which were destroyed by fire at the Four Courts in 1922. We are going to confine this Griffith’s summary to primary landholders or lessors with the inclusion of some secondary lessors who were apparently leasing from the primary landholder and were then leasing or sub-leasing to other tenants.

Ardsallagh:

Primary lessor: Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessors: Mrs Olivia Ronayne, Thomas Dennehy, Patrick Troy, Michael & Patrick Hogan, Timothy Hayes, Patrick Sheehan

Ballyheeny (Kinsalebeg):

Primary lessor: Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessors: Richard & Michael Coughlan, Edmund Lynch, William Cunningham, Rev. Michael Purcell.

Note: The Ballyheeny entries include a fever hospital, quarry and lime kiln.

Ballyheeny (Clashmore):

Primary lessor: Lord Stuart de Decies,

Secondary lessor: Earl of Huntingdon, Uniacke Ronayne M.D., John Murphy, John McNamara, Catherine Downing,

Ballysallagh:

Primary lessor: Arthur Ussher Esq.

Secondary lessors: Matthew Whelan, Richard Power, John Russell, Patrick Connors, Bartholomew Neville.

Blackbog (Clashmore):

Primary lessor: Pierce Smith Esq

Secondary lessor: Mrs F. Fuge

Clashmore:

Primary lessor: Earl of Huntingdon

Coolbagh (Clashmore):

Primary lessor: Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessor: Michael Quinlan, Catherine Linnane, Michael Nagher, Mary Crotty

D’Loughtane:

Primary lessor: Robert P. Ronayne Esq.

Secondary lessors: John Fleming, Edmund Curreen.

Drumgullane East:

Primary lessor: Rev. James Elliot

Secondary Lessors: Mrs Eleanor FitzGerald.

Drumgullane West:

Primary lessor: Rev. James Elliot

Secondary lessor: Thomas Fuge

Garranaspick (Ardmore):

Primary lessor: Declan Tracey

Secondary lessor: David Hurley, Patrick Foley. Mary Barron, Michael Neil

Glebe:

Primary lessor: Rev. Hamilton Beamish

Secondary lessor: Patrick Connor

Glistinane:

Primary lessor: Edward Foley Esq, Peter Moor Fisher

Secondary lessor: John Troy, Maurice Dennehy

Note: Peter Moore Fisher, presumably of Fishers Mills in Pilltown, was leasing a house and an acre of land in Glistinane to Eleanor Cotter.

Islands:

Primary lessor: Robert P. Ronayne Esq.

Kilgabriel:

Primary lessor: Reps. Sir J. Kennedy Bart.

Secondary lessors: Patrick Power, John & Michael O’Brien

Kilmaloo East:

Primary lessor: Reps. Sir J. Kennedy Bart.

Sesondary lessor: Robert FitzGerald Esq.

Kilmaloo or Clashganny:

Primary lessor: Reps. Sir J. Kennedy Bart, Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessors: Anthony FitzGerald

Kilmaloo West:

Primary lessor: Charles Devalmare Esq.

Secondary lessor: Johanna Veale, Eleanor Kiely, John Curreen

Kilmeedy East:

Primary lessor: Rev. James Elliott, Edward Foley Esq, Mrs Eleanor FitzGerald

Secondary lessor: Thomas & William Fuge

Knockbrack:

Primary lessor:  Rev. James Elliot, Mrs Eleanor FitzGerald

Secondary lessor: Patrick Hogan, Michael Maher

Lackendarra:

Primary lessor: Rev. James Elliot      

Secondary lessor: Mrs Eleanor FitzGerald

Monatray East:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith Esq (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth)

Secondary lessor: Maurice Connolly, James Leahy & Thomas Harty, Richard Barrett, John McCarthy.

Monatray Middle:

Primary lessor: George Roche Esq., Mrs Mary Anne Jackson        

Secondary lessor: James Devine, Maurice Hallahan, Margaret Curreen, Thomas Hallahan, Mary Harty.

Monatray West:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith Esq. (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth], George Roche Esq.

Secondary lessor: William Curreen, Patrick Broderick

Moord:

Primary lessor: Pierce S Smith Esq (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth]

Secondary lessor: Catherine Kennedy

Mortgage:

Primary Lessor: Pierce S. Smith (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth]

Newtown:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth], Michael Kennedy

Pillpark (Clashmore):

Primary lessor: Trustees of Mrs Osborne (Richard Power sole occupier)

Pilltown:

Primary lessor: Declan Tracy, Reps. Sir J. Kennedy Bart., Board of Education (National School)

Secondary lessor: Thomas Ahearne, Honoria Neale, Edmond Noonan, Peter Moore Fisher

Prospect Hall:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith Esq. (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth], Rev. Hamilton Beamish, Ecclesiastical Commissioners (church & graveyard), Thomas P. Carew

Secondary lessor: Thomas P. Carew, John Connolly, Robert Wynne, Michael Kennedy, George Roche

Rath:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith esq. (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth]

Secondary lessor: Mary Connery, James Connery, Maurice Connery, Thomas Halloran

Shanacoole:

Primary lessor: Richard Bayley and others, Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessor: Thomas Tracy, Richard Power, John O’Brien, Michael Navan, Malachy Carroll, Sylvester Fraher, Michael Kinnure, Thomas John, John Curreen

Springfield Lower:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith Esq (minor) [Percy Scott Smyth], Patrick Keane

Secondary lessor: Richard FitzGerald, Patrick Keane, Peter Donovan, Sarah McCreight

Springfield Upper:

Primary lessor: Pierce S. Smith Esq [Percy Scott Smyth]

Secondary lessor: Patrick Croaker

Summerhill or Knocknageragh (Grange):

Primary lessor: Abraham Fisher

Secondary lessor: Maurice Connolly, Peter Fisher, Edward Flynn, John Power, John Quinn, Ellen Connery

Tiknock (Clashmore):

Primary lessor: Robert Ronayne, Lord Stuart de Decies

Secondary lessor: Rodolphus Hynes, James Hynes Sen.

Toberagoole:

Primary lessor: Declan Tracy

Land Valuation Records (1855=>)

Land Valuation records contain details of change of ownership of land and property from around 1855 onwards. It basically follows on from Griffiths Valuation and conveniently uses the same property identification numbers as appear in Griffiths Valuation. It is possible using the land registration records to follow the changes in ownership of land or houses from 1855 to the present. The records are too detailed to include here but a combination of (a) Tithe Applotment Books (b) Griffiths Valuation and (c) Land Valuation records (d) 1901/1911 census are a useful source of information for genealogical research or for tracking land ownership from mid 19^th century onwards.

Conclusion:

            The history of landlords and land ownership in Kinsalebeg from the 5^th to the 21^st century is both long and complicated. The preceding history covers the main details of land ownership over a period of approximately fifteen hundred years commencing with the Déise tribe in the 5th century and ending with the breakup of the big estates in the latter end of the 20th century. This journey commenced with the impact of the Vikings and Normans up to the 12th century. The period from 1177 to 1245 was dominated in the Kinsalebeg area by the Norman invader FitzStephen and his FitzGerald descendants. It then moves on to the period from 1245 to around 1366 which was dominated by the De Clare, De Badlesmere and Tiptoft families. The Earl of Ormond dynasty were the main landowners in Kinsalebeg from around 1366 to 1420. The years from 1422 to around 1583 were dominated by the powerful Earls of Desmond which terminated with the confiscation of their lands after the Desmond rebellions. In the turbulent period from 1583 to around 1720 land ownership in Kinsalebeg was controlled by the Walshs of Pilltown. This was followed by a period from 1720 to 1825 in which the Bernards & Earls of Bandon controlled most of the land south of Pilltown while in the same period the FitzGeralds of Dromana controlled most of the land north of Pilltown in the direction of Clashmore. The Bernards sold their Kinsalebeg land to the Smyths of Ballynatary around 1825 and the Smyths continued in ownership until the breakup of the big estates in the latter end of the 19th century. The FitzGeralds of Dromana and their Villiers & Villiers-Stuart descendants in the meantime continued in ownership of land mainly north of Pilltown until the latter end of the 19th century. The end of the 19th century saw the gradual breakup of the big estates with the land in many cases given to or purchased by the existing tenants. The day of the big landlord is now long since passed and there were few regrets about the passing of this phase of our history. There was no shortage of excitement on the journey from the 5th to the 20th century but this was overshadowed by the wars, famines, plagues, court cases, evictions, absentee landlords, rack rents, mismanagement, deaths and destruction that permeated the fifteen hundred year period. The brief history of the various landlords in Kinsalebeg over the centuries will hopefully give some background to the individuals that controlled our land in centuries past. Kinsalebeg is now safely back in Déise land after a turbulent journey down through the centuries.

Bibliography

1 ^ ^{a b}            The Earls of Kildare, and their ancestors from 1057 to 1773 by the Marquis of Kildare.

Published 1858 by Hodges, Smith & Co.

2 ^                      The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Cork Vol 1 by Charles Smith. Published 1815.

3 ^                      Historical Memoirs of the O’Briens by O’Donoghue. Published in 1860.

4 ^                      A View of the State of Ireland by Edmund Spenser. Published 1633.

 5 ^           Sir Walter Raleigh by Robert Lacey. Published 1973 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

ISBN: 0297765574 (See www.robertlacey.com)

6 ^                       The Great Lucifer – A Portrait of Sir Walter Raleigh by Margaret Irwin.

 Published originally 1960.  Re-Published 1982 by Telegraph Books.

7 ^            Ormond Family papers 1530-1850 in Natinal Library of Ireland (see www.nli.ie)

 Reference: NLI MS Collection List 17

8 ^               1641 Depositions: TCD, 1641 Depositions Project (See www.1641.tcd.ie)

9                      The Calendar of Treasury Books Vol 13 (1697-1698) by William A. Shaw. Published 1933.

10 ^           The Calendar of Treasury Books Vol 13 (1697-1698). Published 1699.

11 ^ ^{a b}                   The History of Bandon and the Principal Towns in the West Riding of County Cork by George Bennett. Published 1869 by Francis Guy Cork.

12 ^                   The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Waterford by Charles Smith. Published 1774.

13 ^           Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem (1346-1352) Vol 9 21-25 Edward III 1916/1917.

National Archives Reference: C135;E149

14 ^           Memorial of indentures of lease and release dated 16^th&17^th July 1724.

Land Registry Ref: 55/160/36370

15 ^ ^{a b c}                   Dromana: The Memoirs of an Irish Family by Thérèse Muir Mackenzie nee Villiers Stuart. Published circa 1907.

16 ^                   The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford Vol V1 by Robert C Simington. Published by Irish Manuscripts Commission.

17 ^                   The New Hand-Book for Youghal incorporating The Historical Annals of Youghal by Rev. Samuel Hayman. Published 1858. Reference NLI.

18 ^                  The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754-1790. Edited by L Namier & J Brooke. Published 1964. See http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org

19 ^                   Introduction Villiers-Stuart Papers by PRONI (Public Record Office of Northern Ireland). Published November 2007.

20 ^           Sir Walter Raleigh in Ireland by Sir John Pope Hennessy. Published in 1883.

Appendices

Appendix A1: Tithe Applotments Kinsalebeg 1833 (Name):

Reference: Tithe Applotments Kinsalebeg (1833)

Sequence: Name Sequence

Surname	1st Name	Townland	Parish	Year
Bride	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brien	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brien	Joseph	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brother	Patrick	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Michl	Moiford	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Thomas	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bruder	Honora	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bryan	Denis	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bryan	Micheal	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bumster	Steph	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Burnsler	William	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Burnslest	Patrick	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Byrne	Maurice	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Byrne	Richd	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Caghlan	Henry	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Deighlin	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Elizabeth	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Malachy	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carthy	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carthy	Timothy	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carviel	Timonthy	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carviel	Timonthy	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Casey	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Casey	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Chamberlain	Thos	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Thomas	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cobert	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cobert	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Coghlan	Edward	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Colbert	Patrick	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Colbert	Patrick	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Coleman	James	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connelly	Maurice	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	John	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Laurence	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Robert	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	William	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Cors	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Cors	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Patrick	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Conry	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Craker	Joseph	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cunningham	Wm	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cunninghan	Thos	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	James	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	Michael	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	William	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	William	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curren	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Daniel	John	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Danivan	Thomas	Springfield	Kinsalebeg	1833
Deighlin	Tracey	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Dennehy	Philip	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Devine	Daniel	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Devine	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Michl	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ducey	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Duggan	Micheal	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Farrel	Edmund	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fisher	Abraham	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgearld	Jas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgearld	Jas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Anthony	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	James	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Loutherell	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	T	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Thos	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Thos	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald		Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald		Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flaherty	Cornelius	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flavine	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fleming	Edwd	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fleming	Jn	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Maurice	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fogarty	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Ed	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Js	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patk	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patrick	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patrick	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Charles	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeky	Michl	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeky	Michl	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeley	Deighlin	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeley	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gee	John	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	Mary	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	Michl	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halleran	Edmund	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Edward	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Mauc	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Thos	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halloran	Michl	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halloran	Patk	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Harty	John	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hayes	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Heafey	Micheal	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hennessy	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hickey	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hogan	Patrick	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Joyce	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	Michael	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	Michael	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keating	Thos	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keating	Thos	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keiffe	Denis	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keiffe	Thomas	Newtown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmond	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmond	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmund	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Michael	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Micheal	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	William	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	James	Moiford	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Michael	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Michael	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Patrick	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Thomas	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Thomas	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kerisy	John	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Nicholas	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Patrick	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Patrick	Springfield	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kilmartin	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Konanne	Michl	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Konayne	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahg	Catherine	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahg	Catherine	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahy	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Landers	Thomas	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Leany		Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lenane	Richard	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lonergan	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	John	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	Michael	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	Thomas	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Phlip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	Edward	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	James	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	Michael	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Maher	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Maher	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Malcahy	John	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Manion	Michl	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mansfield	James	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mclouglan	Edwd	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Meade	Daniel	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Meade	David	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Morrissey	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mulcahy	William	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	James	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	Micheal	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	Patrick	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	John	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	John	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	Nicholas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	Nicholas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	James	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	Mathew	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	Patrick	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neil	James	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neil	Patrick	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neill	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Nevins	Thomas	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Obrien	Patrick	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ormond	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Pedder Furlong	John	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Edmund	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Jamesll	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Pierse	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richard	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richard	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richd	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Robert	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Robt	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Thomas	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Prendergast	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Purcell	Willm	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quarry	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quarry	Thomas	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quine	Edmond	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Reade	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ready	Micheal	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	Geo	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	Geo	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	David	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	James	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Domk	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Edmond	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Maurice	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Maurice	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Ross	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Rorke	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Russell	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Scott	Perey	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Scott	Perey	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Seanlan	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Seanlan	Michael	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shanahan	David	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shanahan	James	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe	R	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe		Keechalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe		Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shea	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shencer	William	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sobin	Patrick	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sobin	Patrick	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Spencer	William	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Stuart	Henry V	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tobin	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tobin	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tracey	Deighlin	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Villiers Stuart	H	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Walshe	Henry	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Walshe	Richard	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Bartholomeus	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Mathew	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Patrick	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Wynne	Patrick	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833

Appendix A2: Tithe Applotments Kinsalebeg 1833 (Townland):

Reference: Tithe Applotments Kinsalebeg (1833)

Sequence: Townland Sequence

Surname	1st Name	Townland	Parish	Year
Downing	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richd	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Heafey	Micheal	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Stuart	Henry V	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	Edward	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	James	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Robert	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	David	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Coghlan	Edward	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	Michael	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cunningham	Wm	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mansfield	James	Ballyheena	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Nevins	Thomas	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mclouglan	Edwd	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Patrick	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richard	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Burnslest	Patrick	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Burnsler	William	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Russell	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Seanlan	Michael	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Bartholomeus	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	John	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Mathew	Ballysallagh	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Thos	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brien	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fleming	Jn	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Deighlin	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flaherty	Cornelius	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Reade	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Edmund	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Ross	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fleming	Edwd	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Landers	Thomas	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Coleman	James	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	Micheal	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kilmartin	John	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Meade	David	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Thomas	D'loughtane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patrick	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgearld	Jas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Maher	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	Nicholas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahg	Catherine	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cobert	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Casey	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Cors	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Colbert	Patrick	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keating	Thos	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Maurice	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Dennehy	Philip	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ready	Micheal	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Morrissey	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brien	Joseph	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	John	Glistinane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe		Keechalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Villiers Stuart	H	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Pedder Furlong	John	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Ed	Kensalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Jamesll	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Pierse	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Edward	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lonergan	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halloran	Patk	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Konayne	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bryan	Denis	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Chamberlain	Thos	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Deighlin	Tracey	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Richard	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cunninghan	Thos	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roberts	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bryan	Micheal	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fogarty	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Leany		Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Rorke	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halloran	Michl	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hayes	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeley	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeley	Deighlin	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ducey	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tobin	Thomas	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Seanlan	James	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Caghlan	Henry	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tobin	Patrick	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Charles	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Edmond	Kilgabriel	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neill	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	James	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Obrien	Patrick	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Manion	Michl	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Domk	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	T	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lenane	Richard	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curren	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Prendergast	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	Michl	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	James	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Power	Robt	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Anthony	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Loutherell	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Nicholas	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Thos	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bride	John	Kilmaloo	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe	R	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sharpe		Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Phlip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Scott	Perey	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shencer	William	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Scott	Perey	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Spencer	William	Kinsalebeg	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Michl	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	Mary	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	John	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	Thomas	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Purcell	Willm	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Long	Michael	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hogan	Patrick	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Knockbrack	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	Patrick	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	Maurice	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Jas	Lackendarra	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Michl	Moiford	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	James	Moiford	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Walshe	Henry	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carthy	Timothy	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hennessy	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahy	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmund	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connelly	Maurice	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Michael	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quarry	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Claney	Thomas	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Maurice	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carthy	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	Mathew	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Conry	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	William	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	James	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quarry	Thomas	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ronayne	John	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shanahan	James	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flynn	Patrick	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Devine	Daniel	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shanahan	David	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Thos	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Walshe	Richard	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hallihan	Mauc	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Konanne	Michl	Monatrea	Kinsalebeg	1833
Harty	John	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	James	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Brother	Patrick	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	William	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murry	Patrick	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	Geo	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keiffe	Denis	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Michael	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	Michael	Monatrea,Jachun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	William	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Monatrea,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Daniel	John	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neil	James	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Patrick	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kerisy	John	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Browne	Thomas	Mortgage	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	John	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmond	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	Michael	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeky	Michl	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	John	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Edmond	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kane	Michael	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gazeky	Michl	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Thornton	Thomas	Mortgage,Smyth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keiffe	Thomas	Newtown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Michael	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Thomas	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Michael	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Thomas	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Newtown,Grun	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Shea	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Elizabeth	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bumster	Steph	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Ormond	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Meade	Daniel	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Bruder	Honora	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carrol	Malachy	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Joyce	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fisher	Abraham	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lynch	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patk	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Js	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hickey	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	John	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Devine	William	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Flavine	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Tracey	Deighlin	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kennedy	Patrick	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	Thomas	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Neil	Patrick	Pilltown	Kinsalebeg	1833
Craker	Joseph	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Smith	Pj	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Wynne	Patrick	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	Geo	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Curreen	James	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Muleahy	Patrick	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gee	John	Prospect Hall	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Robert	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	William	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Farrel	Edmund	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Byrne	Richd	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	Micheal	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Quine	Edmond	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Maurice	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	Laurence	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Mulcahy	William	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Halleran	Edmund	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connery	John	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Duggan	Micheal	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Malcahy	John	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Byrne	Maurice	Ruth	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kiely	Patrick	Springfield	Kinsalebeg	1833
Danivan	Thomas	Springfield	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sobin	Patrick	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald		Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carviel	Timonthy	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Sobin	Patrick	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald		Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Carviel	Timonthy	Springfield,Murnay	Kinsalebeg	1833
Roache	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Broadrick	Michl	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Collins	John	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fudge	Richd	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hearn	James	Upper Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Gormon	John	Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Downing	Wm	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kinnealy	James	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
White	Denis	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Glavin	Micheal	Lower Kilmeady	Kinsalebeg	1833
Connors	Cors	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgerald	Richd	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Colbert	Patrick	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Griffin	Michl	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Keating	Thos	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Whelan	John	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	West Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Foley	Patrick	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Andrew	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Kelly	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Fitzgearld	Jas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Troy	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Maher	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Murphy	Nicholas	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lowe	Philip	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Lahg	Catherine	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Cobert	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Casey	James	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833
Hely	Micheal	East Drumgillane	Kinsalebeg	1833

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